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The renin-aldosterone system is an endocrine system which guides the renal absorption of water and electrolytes, thus managing blood pressure and osmoregulation. Activation of the system begins in the kidneys with a small cluster of cells adjacent to the afferent and efferent blood vessels of the renal corpuscle. As the nephrons are filtering blood, juxtaglomerular cells monitor blood pressure. If they detect a decrease in pressure, they release the hormone renin into the bloodstream.
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Endocrine cells produce hormones to communicate with remote target cells found in other organs. The hormone reaches these distant areas using the circulatory system. This exposes the whole organism to the hormone but only those cells expressing hormone receptors or target cells are affected. Thus, endocrine signaling induces slow responses from its target cells but these effects also last longer.
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Plasticity of renal endocrine function.

Birgül Kurt1, Armin Kurtz2

  • 1Institute of Physiology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany birguel.kurt@vkl.uni-regensburg.de.

American Journal of Physiology. Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology
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Summary

Kidneys are vital endocrine organs regulating bone formation and erythropoiesis. This review explores renin and erythropoietin-producing cells, their plasticity, and potential interconversion.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Endocrinology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Kidneys function as crucial endocrine organs, secreting hormones like calcitriol, erythropoietin, klotho, and renin.
  • These hormones regulate diverse physiological processes, including bone formation and red blood cell production (erythropoiesis).
  • Kidney endocrine functions are performed by specialized cells, including tubular cells and interstitial cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the characteristics of renin- and erythropoietin-producing cells in the kidney.
  • To investigate the origin, localization, and reversible transformations of these endocrine cells.
  • To discuss the mediators involved in cell state transformations and potential interconversion of renin and erythropoietin expression.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on kidney endocrine cells.
  • Analysis of cellular plasticity and recruitment behaviors.
  • Discussion of molecular mediators and signaling pathways.

Main Results:

  • Renin- and erythropoietin-producing cells exhibit significant plasticity, reversibly switching between cell states.
  • Hormone regulation in these cells involves either gradual upregulation/downregulation or recruitment/de-recruitment of active cells.
  • Evidence suggests potential interconversion between renin and erythropoietin expression.

Conclusions:

  • Kidney endocrine cells, particularly those producing renin and erythropoietin, display remarkable plasticity.
  • Understanding these cellular dynamics is key to comprehending kidney endocrine regulation.
  • Further research into cell state interconversion could reveal novel therapeutic targets.