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Microbe-plant interactions represent a dynamic spectrum of associations shaped by intricate chemical signaling. These interactions can be neutral, beneficial, or detrimental, and profoundly influence plant physiology, growth, and ecosystem function. The plant microbiome, comprising bacteria, fungi, archaea, protists, and viruses, plays a pivotal role in mediating these effects through surface colonization, internal colonization, or systemic symbiosis.Mutualistic associations, particularly with...
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Host-specific transcriptomic pattern of Trichoderma virens during interaction with maize or tomato roots.

Maria E Morán-Diez1,2, Naomi Trushina3, Netta Li Lamdan4

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Trichoderma virens gene expression changes when interacting with plant roots, revealing host-specific responses. This fungal biocontrol agent shows differential gene regulation, particularly in glycoside hydrolases and transporters, impacting root colonization.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The fungal genus Trichoderma is recognized for its antagonistic properties against soil-borne pathogens.
  • Certain Trichoderma species promote plant health by colonizing roots and inducing systemic resistance.
  • The beneficial Trichoderma-root interaction occurs across diverse plant species, including monocots and dicots.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if plant hosts modulate gene expression in the beneficial fungus Trichoderma virens.
  • To identify specific genes in T. virens that are differentially expressed during root colonization of maize and tomato.

Main Methods:

  • Co-culturing Trichoderma virens with maize and tomato in a hydroponic system.
  • Comparing transcriptomes of T. virens alone versus T. virens interacting with plant roots using microarrays.
  • Analyzing differential gene expression between T. virens on maize and tomato roots.

Main Results:

  • Interaction with plant roots modulated the transcript levels of 210 T. virens genes, with most showing up-regulation.
  • Glycoside hydrolases and transporters were significantly represented among induced transcripts.
  • 35 genes exhibited significant host-specific expression differences between maize and tomato, with some genes showing over 100-fold higher expression in one host.

Conclusions:

  • Trichoderma virens exhibits host-specific gene expression patterns when colonizing plant roots.
  • Differentially expressed genes, including glycoside hydrolases and transporters, suggest a role in metabolizing host cell walls during root colonization.
  • Host-specific gene expression is a key factor enabling T. virens to colonize a broad range of plant species effectively.