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Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Appendicitis-II: Diagnostic Studies and Management

Diagnosing and managing appendicitis requires a structured and comprehensive approach that spans from initial assessment to postoperative care. Here is an overview of the process:
Diagnosing Appendicitis
It requires a multifaceted approach, starting with a detailed physical examination to pinpoint the location and nature of the pain and identify any associated symptoms. Laboratory tests play a crucial role. A complete Blood Count (CBC) typically reveals leukocytosis (an increased number of...

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis

Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder, most commonly caused by obstruction of the cystic duct. This blockage prevents bile from draining, leading to gallbladder distension, inflammation, and potentially serious complications. This condition may present acutely or chronically and can happen with or without gallstones.EtiologyAbout 95% of cholecystitis cases are calculous, caused by gallstones blocking the cystic duct, leading to bile accumulation and inflammation of the gallbladder...

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular Disease of the Colon

Diverticular disease involves the formation of diverticula—small sac-like outpouchings of the colonic wall—and their complications. It most commonly affects the sigmoid colon due to higher intraluminal pressure and structural vulnerability. It results from structural weakness and increased pressure in the colon, producing pseudodiverticula that may remain silent or progress to inflammation and serious complications.Structure of DiverticulaIn diverticulosis, these outpouchings are...

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Murine Appendectomy Model of Chronic Colitis Associated Colorectal Cancer by Precise Localization of Caecal Patch

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Schistosoma prevalence in appendicitis.

S N Botes¹, S B Ibirogba, A D McCallum

¹Surgical Unit, Rob Ferreira Hospital, Nelspruit, Mpumalanga, South Africa, snbotes@gmail.com.

World Journal of Surgery

|January 23, 2015

Summary

Schistosomiasis infection was found in 10.2% of appendicitis cases at Rob Ferreira Hospital. This significant prevalence highlights the need for accurate diagnosis to prevent complications and unnecessary drug treatments.

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Area of Science:

Medical Parasitology
Gastroenterology
Infectious Diseases

Background:

Schistosomiasis is a significant waterborne trematode infection with diverse clinical manifestations.
Rob Ferreira Hospital is situated in the Lowveld region of South Africa, an area endemic for schistosomiasis.
The study investigates the presence of Schistosoma in patients presenting with appendicitis.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of Schistosoma infection among patients undergoing appendectomy.
To assess the potential link between Schistosoma and appendicitis in an endemic region.

Main Methods:

A retrospective review of 304 appendix samples collected between 2009 and 2013.
Histopathological examination of samples for viable ova, calcified ova, or schistosomal granulomas as indicators of exposure.

Main Results:

Evidence of schistosomal exposure was identified in 31 out of 304 cases.
This represents a prevalence of 10.2% for Schistosoma infection in appendicitis cases.

Conclusions:

A Schistosoma prevalence exceeding 10% in appendicitis cases is clinically significant.
Delayed or misdiagnosis can lead to severe complications and inappropriate, prolonged medical treatment.