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Related Concept Videos

Oogenesis02:07

Oogenesis

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In human women, oogenesis produces one mature egg cell or ovum for every precursor cell that enters meiosis. This process differs in two unique ways from the equivalent procedure of spermatogenesis in males. First, meiotic divisions during oogenesis are asymmetric, meaning that a large oocyte (containing most of the cytoplasm) and minor polar body are produced as a result of meiosis I, and again following meiosis II. Since only oocytes will go on to form embryos if fertilized, this unequal...
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Disorders of the Female Reproductive System01:24

Disorders of the Female Reproductive System

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The female reproductive system can be affected by several disorders, including Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS), Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD), endometriosis, and various forms of cancer. PMS and PMDD are cyclical conditions that cause physical and emotional distress, with symptoms that include edema, mood swings, and food cravings. PMDD is a more severe form of PMS characterized by increased symptom severity that peaks during the luteal phase and tends to improve or resolve shortly after...
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Menses Phase01:18

Menses Phase

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The uterine cycle begins with the menstrual phase, which is considered day one of the cycle and typically lasts about five days. This phase is characterized by the degeneration and shedding of the stratum functionalis, the functional layer of the endometrium.
When fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum deteriorates, causing a significant drop in the levels of estrogen and progesterone in the body. This hormonal decrease triggers the release of prostaglandins, which cause the uterine...
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Ovarian Cycle01:27

Ovarian Cycle

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The menstrual cycle includes a critical component known as the ovarian cycle, which undergoes two main phases each month—the follicular phase and the luteal phase. The follicular phase is variable and averaging around 14 days. Ovulation, triggered by a surge in luteinizing hormone (LH), marks the transition between the two phases. The second phase, the luteal phase, is relatively consistent, lasting approximately 14 days, and is marked by the activity of the corpus luteum. While a cycle...
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Histology of the Uterus01:19

Histology of the Uterus

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The uterine wall consists of three histological layers: the perimetrium, myometrium, and endometrium. The outermost perimetrium is a thin, serous membrane connected with the broad ligament on the sides, which helps anchor the uterus in the pelvic cavity. The thickest layer, myometrium, is mainly made up of smooth muscle tissue bundles. Its contractions are vital in facilitating the expulsion of the uterine lining, fetus, and placenta during menstruation and childbirth.
The endometrium is the...
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Proliferative Phase01:20

Proliferative Phase

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The proliferative phase typically occurs after menstruation and lasts between 6 to 13 days in a standard 28-day cycle. This phase involves the reconstruction of the endometrium, guided by estrogen produced by the developing ovarian follicle.
Notably, the stratum basale, the basal layer of the endometrium, including the basal parts of the uterine glands, remains unaffected by menstruation. Stem cells in this layer undergo mitosis, regenerating the stratum functionalis and thickening the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity
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Intraoperative Detection of Subtle Endometriosis: A Novel Paradigm for Detection and Treatment of Pelvic Pain Associated with the Loss of Peritoneal Integrity

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Endometriosis: bright future for a cloudy past?

Warren B Nothnick1

  • 1Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA.

Science Translational Medicine
|January 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

New treatments targeting estrogen receptors can stop endometriosis implants from growing while preserving fertility in mice. This research opens doors for novel endometriosis therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive endocrinology
  • Molecular pharmacology
  • Gynecological pathology

Background:

  • Endometriosis is a debilitating condition characterized by the growth of endometrial-like tissue outside the uterus.
  • Current treatments often involve hormone suppression, which can negatively impact fertility and quality of life.
  • There is a critical need for therapeutic strategies that effectively manage endometriosis without compromising reproductive function.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of novel estrogen receptor ligands in treating endometriosis.
  • To determine if these ligands can inhibit endometriotic implant progression.
  • To assess the impact of these ligands on reproductive cycle function in a preclinical model.

Main Methods:

  • Development and application of novel estrogen receptor ligands.

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  • Utilized a well-established mouse model of endometriosis.
  • Evaluated endometriotic implant size and survival.
  • Monitored reproductive cycle parameters and fertility outcomes.

    • Main Results:

    • The novel estrogen receptor ligands effectively arrested the survival and growth of endometriotic implants in the mouse model.
    • Importantly, these ligands did not disrupt normal reproductive cycles.
    • No adverse effects on fertility were observed, indicating a potential for fertility-sparing treatment.

    Conclusions:

    • Novel estrogen receptor ligands represent a promising therapeutic avenue for endometriosis.
    • These agents offer a dual benefit of targeting disease progression while maintaining reproductive capacity.
    • This study provides a strong foundation for the development of new, effective, and fertility-sparing treatments for endometriosis.