[Breaking immune tolerance in cancer].

Area of Science:

• Immunology
• Oncology
• Pharmacology

Background:

• Cellular interactions in the immune system are crucial for anti-tumor immunity.
• Immune effector cells (NK and T-cells) have regulated activity via receptors and ligands.
• Immunomodulators can target these receptors to modulate immune responses.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the advancements in pharmacological targeting of anti-tumor immunity.
• To discuss the challenges and successes of immunotherapies in oncology.
• To highlight the need for optimizing treatment and identifying biomarkers.

Main Methods:

• Review of scientific literature on immunomodulators and anti-tumor immunity.
• Analysis of clinical effectiveness and approved immunotherapies in oncology.
• Discussion of safety, efficacy, and management of toxicities.

Main Results:

• Several immunomodulators have shown clinical effectiveness, with three approved for oncology.
• Immunotherapy represents a significant advancement in cancer treatment.
• Challenges include managing inflammatory toxicities and revising clinical response criteria.

Conclusions:

• Further research is needed to optimize treatment administration and identify biomarkers.
• Understanding immunodynamics is essential for developing effective therapeutic combinations.
• Future efforts should focus on enhancing anti-tumor mechanisms while minimizing adverse events.