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Related Concept Videos

Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
Next-Generation Sequencing Methods
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Evolution of Microbial Genome01:08

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Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
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Sanger Sequencing01:57

Sanger Sequencing

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DNA sequencing is a fundamental technique that is routinely used in the biological sciences. This method can be applied to a range of questions at different scales - from the sequencing of a cloned DNA fragment or the study of a mutation in a gene up to whole-genome sequencing. However, despite the widespread use of sequencing today, it was not until 1977 that Fredrick Sanger and his collaborators developed the chain-termination method to decode DNA sequences. It relies on the separation of a...
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RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

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RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
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Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing01:05

Maxam-Gilbert Sequencing

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In the same year as the discovery of the Sanger sequencing method, another group of scientists, Allan Maxam and Walter Gilbert, demonstrated their chemical-cleavage method for DNA sequencing. The Maxam-Gilbert method relies on using different chemicals that can cleave the DNA sequence at specific sites, the separation of resulting DNA fragments of variable size using electrophoresis, and deciphering the DNA sequence from the resulting gel bands.
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Sequencing of mRNA from Whole Blood using Nanopore Sequencing
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The evolution of nanopore sequencing.

Yue Wang1, Qiuping Yang1, Zhimin Wang1

  • 1Department of Plant Science, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai, China.

Frontiers in Genetics
|January 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nanopore sequencing offers a promising path toward the "$1000 Genome" goal. This review explores advances, challenges, and solutions for nanopore technology to meet key sequencing standards.

Keywords:
DNA ratchetingfield-effect-transistor (FET) nanopore sensorgold standardsionic current blockagemultiplexing detectionnanopore sequencingsequencing by tunnelingthird-generation sequencing

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Biotechnology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • The "$1000 Genome" project aims to reduce genome sequencing costs, driving demand for advanced technologies.
  • Second-generation sequencing revolutionized life sciences and personalized medicine.
  • Nanopore sequencing, a third-generation technology, is a leading candidate for achieving the project's gold standards.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the progress of nanopore sequencing in relation to the "$1000 Genome" project's gold standards.
  • To identify current challenges and propose potential solutions for nanopore sequencing technology.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on nanopore sequencing technologies (protein and solid-state).
  • Analysis of nanopore sequencing performance metrics against established gold standards.
  • Investigation of detection methods, including ionic current blockage and field-effect-transistor (FET) sensors.

Main Results:

  • Protein and solid-state nanopores have been investigated for various applications.
  • Newly developed protein nanopore sequencers show significant potential.
  • Nanopore sequencing is advancing towards fulfilling the gold standards for large-scale genome projects.

Conclusions:

  • Nanopore sequencing technology is rapidly evolving and shows promise for achieving the "$1000 Genome" objectives.
  • Addressing current challenges is crucial for the widespread adoption of nanopore sequencing in personalized medicine.
  • Continued research and development are essential for realizing the full potential of nanopore sequencing.