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Related Concept Videos

Tight Junctions01:29

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Tight junctions are molecular seals between cells that prevent the leaking of fluids, ions, and other small solutes across cavities and compartments in multicellular organisms. They are mainly composed of claudin and occludin transmembrane proteins, and other proteins such as tricellulin and JAM (junctional adhesion molecule). All these proteins are 4-pass transmembrane proteins, except JAM, which is a single-pass transmembrane protein belonging to the immunoglobulin superfamily. The...
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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl...
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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Notch signaling was first discovered in Drosophila melanogaster, where it is involved in cell lineage differentiation. Notch signaling regulates the maintenance and differentiation of intestinal stem cells or ISCs by controlling the expression of atonal homolog 1 or Atoh1. Atoh1 directs cells to differentiate into secretory cells.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Sensing of Barrier Tissue Disruption with an Organic Electrochemical Transistor
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MicroRNAs regulate tight junction proteins and modulate epithelial/endothelial barrier functions.

Christoph Cichon1, Harshana Sabharwal1, Christian Rüter1

  • 1Institute of Infectiology-Center for Molecular Biology of Inflammation (ZMBE); University of Münster ; Münster, Germany.

Tissue Barriers
|January 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial regulators of epithelial and endothelial barriers. This review details how miRNAs target proteins to maintain barrier integrity and selective permeability.

Keywords:
AJ, Adherens junctionsAJC, apical junctional complexCDS, coding sequenceIBD, inflammatory bowel diseaseJAM, junctional adhesion moleculeROS, reactive oxygen speciesTEM, transmission electron microscopyTJ, tight junctionepithelial and endothelial barriersmiRNAmiRNA, microRNAregulation of barrier functionstight junctions

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In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches to Determine Intestinal Epithelial Cell Permeability
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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Physiology

Background:

  • Epithelial and endothelial barriers are vital for organismal defense and separation from the environment.
  • These barriers are maintained by intercellular junctions, including the apical junctional complex (AJC), tight junctions (TJ), adherens junctions (AJ), and desmosomes.
  • Tight junctions, composed of proteins like occludin, claudins, and JAMs, are essential for controlling paracellular permeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current understanding of microRNA (miRNA) involvement in regulating epithelial and endothelial barrier function.
  • To explore how miRNAs target key proteins within the apical junctional complex (AJC).
  • To summarize the role of miRNAs in maintaining both barrier tightness and selective permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing research on miRNAs and cellular barriers.
  • Analysis of studies investigating miRNA regulation of TJ, AJ, and desmosome components.
  • Synthesis of data on miRNA targeting of adaptor molecules (kinases, phosphatases, GTPases) involved in barrier control.

Main Results:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play a significant role in the fine-tuning of TJ assembly and function.
  • miRNAs regulate the expression of adaptor proteins that control TJ integrity and permeability.
  • Dysregulation of specific miRNAs can lead to compromised epithelial and endothelial barrier function.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs are critical regulators of epithelial and endothelial barrier homeostasis.
  • Targeting miRNAs offers a potential therapeutic strategy for diseases involving barrier dysfunction.
  • Further research into miRNA-mediated barrier control is warranted for therapeutic applications.