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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

4.8K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

1.6K
Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.6K
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

1.4K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
1.4K
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

954
Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

592
Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Ahmed ElGuindy1, Magdi H Yacoub2

  • 1Department of Cardiology, Aswan Heart Centre, Aswan, Egypt.

Global Cardiology Science & Practice
|January 23, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a growing cardiovascular concern, as common as HFrEF and with high mortality. More research with unified criteria is needed for effective HFpEF therapies.

Keywords:
diastolic heart failureheart failureheart failure with preserved ejection fraction

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Clinical Medicine
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is a significant cause of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.
  • HFpEF prevalence is rising, projected to become the dominant heart failure phenotype.
  • HFpEF is as common as heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and carries a high mortality rate.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing prevalence and impact of HFpEF.
  • To underscore the need for understanding HFpEF's unique characteristics compared to HFrEF.
  • To emphasize the necessity for developing targeted therapies for HFpEF.

Main Methods:

  • Review of epidemiological and clinical data on HFpEF.
  • Analysis of pathophysiological and molecular aspects of HFpEF.
  • Critique of existing trial designs and enrollment criteria for HFpEF studies.

Main Results:

  • HFpEF is a major and growing cause of cardiovascular disease.
  • Lack of unified criteria and limited trials hinder HFpEF therapy development.
  • Understanding HFpEF's distinct features is crucial for targeted treatments.

Conclusions:

  • HFpEF represents a significant and increasing clinical challenge.
  • Targeted therapies for HFpEF are lacking due to research gaps.
  • Future research requires unified criteria and appropriate study designs to identify effective HFpEF treatments.