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Disseminated tuberculosis presenting as febrile seizures with fatal evolution in an infant

Ileana Octavia Petrescu1, Cristian Gheonea, Cosmin Sebastian Voican

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, Romania; cgheonea@gmail.com.

Romanian Journal of Morphology and Embryology = Revue Roumaine De Morphologie Et Embryologie
|January 23, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Disseminated tuberculosis is rare in immunocompetent infants, affecting the brain, liver, and gut. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial for a better outcome in these complex cases.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Disseminated tuberculosis (TB) is uncommon in immunocompetent infants.
  • Tuberculosis involving the central nervous system, liver, and gastrointestinal tract presents unique diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • An 11-month-old boy presented with fever, seizures, and hemodynamic instability.
  • The infant had a history of recurrent respiratory infections and exposure to active pulmonary tuberculosis.

Findings:

  • The infant was diagnosed with disseminated tuberculosis affecting the brain, liver, abdominal lymph nodes, small bowel, and lungs.
  • Despite family chemoprophylaxis, the infant developed severe disseminated disease.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering disseminated TB in infants with non-specific symptoms and a relevant exposure history.
  • Prompt diagnosis and initiation of anti-tuberculosis therapy are critical for managing this severe pediatric condition.

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