HOTAIR Long Noncoding RNA Promotes Gastric Cancer Metastasis through Suppression of Poly r(C)-Binding Protein (PCBP)...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the role of HOTAIR long noncoding RNA in gastric cancer metastasis. We analyzed HOTAIR expression levels by real-time reverse transcription PCR and Northern blot analysis in 100 gastric tissues (50 gastric cancer tissues and 50 adjacent normal mucosa), and in four gastric cancer cell lines. Transient RNAi-mediated knockdown and pcDNA-mediated overexpression of HOTAIR were performed. Stable shRNA-mediated knockdown and lentiviral-mediated overexpression of HOTAIR were to study the role of HOTAIR on in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic burden in the context of xenograft assays. Proteomic profiling was performed to decipher differential protein expression in cells with different HOTAIR expression levels. One of the differentially regulated proteins, Poly r(C)-binding protein (PCBP) 1, was subsequently validated and its function evaluated through xenograft assays. Expression of HOTAIR was significantly higher in cancerous tissues than in adjacent normal mucosa. HOTAIR expression levels dictated in vitro and in vivo tumorigenicity and metastatic potential in these cells. PCBP1 and HOTAIR have an inverse relationship, both at expression level and in function. A direct interaction between the two was confirmed through RNA immunoprecipitation coupled with quantitative real-time PCR. PCBP1 was confirmed to be an inhibitor of gastric cancer pathogenesis and as functionally opposite to HOTAIR long noncoding RNA. In conclusion, HOTAIR expression may serve as a potentially important disease biomarker for the identification of high-risk gastric cancer patients. Moreover, our findings provide mechanistic evidence for HOTAIR overexpression and PCBP1 downregulation and the ensuing malignant phenotype in both cultured and xenograft gastric cancer cells.