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Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction01:05

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Introduction

7.5K
It is far more common for collisions to occur in two dimensions; that is, the initial velocity vectors are neither parallel nor antiparallel to each other. Let's see what complications arise from this. The first idea is that momentum is a vector. Like all vectors, it can be expressed as a sum of perpendicular components (usually, though not always, an x-component and a y-component, and a z-component if necessary). Thus, when the statement of conservation of momentum is written for a...
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Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations01:17

Differential Form of Maxwell's Equations

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James Clerk Maxwell (1831–1879) was one of the significant contributors to physics in the nineteenth century. He is probably best known for having combined existing knowledge of the laws of electricity and the laws of magnetism with his insights to form a complete overarching electromagnetic theory, represented by Maxwell's equations. The four basic laws of electricity and magnetism were discovered experimentally through the work of physicists such as Oersted, Coulomb, Gauss, and...
1.5K
Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

Transmission-Line Differential Equations

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Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured...
1.1K
Elastic Collisions: Introduction01:00

Elastic Collisions: Introduction

15.8K
An elastic collision is one that conserves both internal kinetic energy and momentum. Internal kinetic energy is the sum of the kinetic energies of the objects in a system. Truly elastic collisions can only be achieved with subatomic particles, such as electrons striking nuclei. Macroscopic collisions can be very nearly, but not quite, elastic, as some kinetic energy is always converted into other forms of energy such as heat transfer due to friction and sound. An example of a nearly...
15.8K
Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving01:06

Collisions in Multiple Dimensions: Problem Solving

5.7K
In multiple dimensions, the conservation of momentum applies in each direction independently. Hence, to solve collisions in multiple dimensions, we should write down the momentum conservation in each direction separately. To help understand collisions in multiple dimensions, consider an example.
A small car of mass 1,200 kg traveling east at 60 km/h collides at an intersection with a truck of mass 3,000 kg traveling due north at 40 km/h. The two vehicles are locked together. What is the...
5.7K
Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects01:07

Gravitational Potential Energy for Extended Objects

2.1K
Consider a system comprising several point masses. The coordinates of the center of mass for this system can be expressed as the summation of the product of each mass and its position vector divided by the total mass:
2.1K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation
06:49

In situ Grazing Incidence Small Angle X-ray Scattering on Roll-To-Roll Coating of Organic Solar Cells with Laboratory X-ray Instrumentation

Published on: March 2, 2021

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Differential and integral cross sections in OH(X) + Xe collisions.

Gautam Sarma1, Ashim Kumar Saha1, J J ter Meulen1

  • 1Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 ED Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|January 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study measured differential cross sections for hydroxyl radical (OH) collisions with xenon (Xe). Experimental results generally agree with theoretical calculations, validating potential energy surfaces for open-shell systems.

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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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Setting Limits on Supersymmetry Using Simplified Models
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Area of Science:

  • Chemical Physics
  • Molecular Collisions
  • Quantum Scattering

Background:

  • Hydroxyl radical (OH) is a key species in atmospheric and combustion chemistry.
  • Understanding OH collisions is crucial for modeling reactive systems.
  • Previous studies lacked detailed state-resolved collision data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To experimentally measure differential cross sections (DCSs) for inelastic OH(X) + Xe collisions.
  • To compare experimental data with theoretical calculations using ab initio potential energy surfaces (PES).
  • To investigate the influence of reduced mass on scattering dynamics by comparing with OH + He.

Main Methods:

  • State-selected OH radicals prepared using hexapole electric field selection.
  • Product state detection via [2 + 1] resonance-enhanced multiphoton ionization and velocity-map imaging.
  • Integral cross sections measured by laser-induced fluorescence.
  • Comparison with exact close-coupling quantum mechanical scattering calculations.

Main Results:

  • Experimental DCSs for OH(X) + Xe collisions at 483 cm⁻¹ were obtained.
  • Good agreement observed between experimental and theoretical DCSs, validating the PES.
  • Discrepancies noted at low scattering angles warrant further investigation.
  • Theoretical DCSs for OH(X) + He were computed and compared to OH(X) + Xe.

Conclusions:

  • Experimental measurements provide a benchmark for testing theoretical PESs of open-shell systems.
  • The study highlights the capability of state-resolved collision experiments in refining theoretical models.
  • Reduced mass significantly influences DCSs and partial cross sections in OH collisions.