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Related Concept Videos

Gastric Emptying01:16

Gastric Emptying

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Gastric emptying occurs when the stomach gradually releases chyme into the duodenum. When the stomach is distended, it triggers the release of gastrin, a hormone that promotes gastric acid secretion to aid in digestion. Additionally, stomach distension contributes to peristaltic waves that propel gastric contents toward the pyloric region. The gastroenteric reflex, on the other hand, primarily stimulates peristalsis in the intestines, facilitating the movement of contents further along the...
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Gastric Motility01:16

Gastric Motility

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Gastric motility is the coordinated contraction and relaxation of stomach muscles that convert ingested food into chyme, a semi-liquid substance ready for further digestion in the intestines. The process begins with the vagus nerve inducing the relaxation of the smooth muscles in the fundus and body of the stomach, allowing these regions to expand and accommodate up to approximately 1.5 liters of food and liquid.
Peristaltic Waves and Chyme Formation
Upon food entry, the stomach initiates...
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Gastric Phase of Digestion01:26

Gastric Phase of Digestion

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The gastric phase of digestion begins as soon as food enters the stomach. The incoming food bolus triggers neural and hormonal mechanisms, which last approximately 3 to 4 hours. During this phase, the stomach undergoes significant changes to prepare the food for further digestion and absorption.
When food enters the stomach, it stretches the stomach walls and activates stretch receptors. This triggers local reflexes of the enteric nervous system, mediated through the myenteric plexus. These...
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Electroconvulsive Therapy01:30

Electroconvulsive Therapy

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Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), or shock therapy, remains a critical biomedical intervention for severe, treatment-resistant depression. While its origins can be traced back to Hippocrates' observations that malaria-induced convulsions alleviated mental illness, modern ECT has evolved significantly from its earlier, more primitive applications. First introduced in 1938 by Ugo Cerletti and his colleagues, ECT involves inducing controlled seizures using electrical currents. In its early...
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Pyloric Obstruction01:11

Pyloric Obstruction

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Pyloric obstruction, also referred to as gastric outlet obstruction, is a condition characterized by narrowing or blockage at the pylorus—the muscular valve regulating the flow of stomach contents into the duodenum. When this passage becomes impaired, the stomach cannot effectively empty its contents into the small intestine. This disruption leads to a range of gastrointestinal symptoms, including early satiety, bloating, epigastric pain, postprandial nausea, persistent vomiting, and...
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Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management01:29

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management

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Gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD, is a persistent medical condition that affects many individuals worldwide. Its clinical manifestations can vary greatly, making diagnosis and management challenging for healthcare professionals. The following is a comprehensive overview of the clinical manifestations, assessment, and management strategies for GERD.
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Autonomous and Rechargeable Microneurostimulator Endoscopically Implantable into the Submucosa
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Gastric electrical stimulation for obesity.

Jenny D Chiu1, Edy Soffer

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Keck School of Medicine at USC, 1520 San Pablo Street, Los Angeles, CA, 50033, USA.

Current Gastroenterology Reports
|January 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Electrical stimulation of the stomach is being re-evaluated as a potential obesity treatment. This minimally invasive therapy aims to modify gastric function or brain signaling for weight management.

Area of Science:

  • Medical Science
  • Gastroenterology
  • Obesity Research

Background:

  • Obesity is a global health crisis with significant healthcare costs.
  • Current medical therapies (diet, pharmacotherapy) have limited efficacy for weight loss.
  • Standard bariatric surgery is effective but carries risks of morbidity and mortality, highlighting the need for alternatives.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore electrical stimulation of the stomach as a novel therapeutic approach for obesity.
  • To investigate the potential of electrical stimulation to modulate gastric motor function and/or afferent neural signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Review of studies investigating electrical stimulation of the stomach over the past two decades.
  • Analysis of different electrical pulse parameters and their proposed mechanisms of action.

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  • Evaluation of recent human trials assessing novel electrical stimulation concepts for obesity.

    • Main Results:

    • Initial industry-led studies did not demonstrate a significant effect on body weight.
    • Recent research shows renewed interest, with several electrical stimulation concepts undergoing large-scale human trials.
    • The underlying assumption is that electrical current can alter gastric motility or brain signaling.

    Conclusions:

    • Electrical stimulation of the stomach presents a promising, minimally invasive, and potentially low-risk intervention for obesity.
    • If proven effective in ongoing trials, it could become a valuable addition to existing obesity treatment options.
    • Further research and clinical validation are crucial for establishing this therapy's role in weight management.