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Related Concept Videos

Seizures l: Introduction01:20

Seizures l: Introduction

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Understanding seizures and epilepsy relies on key definitions that help in recognizing, classifying, and managing these disorders. These definitions provide a framework for recognizing, classifying, and managing seizure disorders.DefinitionsA seizure is a sudden, abnormal burst of electrical activity in the brain that can cause changes in awareness, movement, sensation, or behavior, depending on the area involved. Epilepsy is a chronic condition characterized by recurrent, unprovoked seizures,...
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Epilepsy ll: Types01:22

Epilepsy ll: Types

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Recurrent seizures, stemming from abnormal electrical activity in the brain, are the defining characteristic of epilepsy, a chronic neurological condition. Because seizure features vary greatly, epilepsy is classified using two systems: by seizure type and by epilepsy syndromes. These classifications enable clinicians to describe seizure patterns and select suitable treatment strategies.I. Classification by Seizure Type1. Focal EpilepsyFocal epilepsy begins in one hemisphere of the brain.
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Epilepsy and Seizures: Overview01:24

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Epilepsy is a chronic neurological disease marked by recurrent, unpredictable seizures. These seizures are caused by abnormal electrical discharges in the brain, leading to behavior, sensation, or consciousness alterations. They can also cause transient impairment of awareness, interfering with daily activities.
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Seizures: Classification01:13

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Epilepsy is primarily characterized by unpredictable seizures, either provoked by an identifiable factor, such as injury or illness, or unprovoked, occurring spontaneously without apparent cause.
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Focal Seizures
Focal seizures originate from specific regions of the brain. These seizures are further sub-classified into two types:
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Drug distribution in the pediatric population exhibits unique challenges and considerations due to the physiological differences between children, particularly neonates and infants, and adults. A crucial aspect of pediatric pharmacology is understanding how these differences impact the pharmacokinetics of various drugs, necessitating age-specific dosing strategies to ensure efficacy and safety.Neonates and infants have a higher total body water content, ~75%–90% of their body weight,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Preterm EEG: A Multimodal Neurophysiological Protocol
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Neonatal status epilepticus: differences between preterm and term newborns.

Elena Pavlidis1, Carlotta Spagnoli1, Annalisa Pelosi2

  • 1Child Neuropsychiatry Unit, Neuroscience Department, University of Parma, Italy.

European Journal of Paediatric Neurology : EJPN : Official Journal of the European Paediatric Neurology Society
|January 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal status epilepticus (NSE) affects newborns similarly regardless of gestational age. However, preterm infants with NSE face significantly higher risks of adverse outcomes and mortality compared to full-term infants.

Keywords:
Neonatal seizuresNeonatal status epilepticusOutcomeStatus epilepticus

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal neurology
  • Pediatric epilepsy
  • Clinical neonatology

Background:

  • Neonatal seizures are well-studied, but neonatal status epilepticus (NSE) lacks a clear definition.
  • This study investigates clinical and instrumental characteristics of NSE in relation to gestational age (GA).
  • Risk factors for adverse outcomes in newborns with NSE were evaluated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if neonatal status epilepticus (NSE) presents homogeneously across different gestational ages (GA).
  • To compare clinical and instrumental features of preterm versus full-term neonates with NSE.
  • To identify independent risk factors associated with adverse outcomes in neonatal status epilepticus.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort of 47 newborns with video-EEG confirmed NSE was analyzed (19 preterm, 28 full-term).
  • NSE was defined as ≥30 minutes of continuous or recurrent seizures without neurological recovery.
  • Statistical analyses included chi-squared tests and multivariate logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • Neurological examination and Apgar scores differed between preterm and full-term neonates with NSE.
  • No preterm neonates achieved a favorable outcome, versus 25% of full-term infants (p=0.032).
  • Preterm neonates had a significantly higher mortality rate (52.6%) compared to full-term neonates (17.8%; p=0.01).

Conclusions:

  • Newborns with neonatal status epilepticus (NSE) exhibit a relatively homogeneous clinical presentation irrespective of gestational age (GA).
  • Adverse outcomes and mortality are disproportionately higher in preterm infants experiencing NSE.
  • Apgar score at 5 minutes was the sole predictor of outcome in this cohort.