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Related Experiment Video

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A number-form area in the blind.

Sami Abboud1, Shachar Maidenbaum1, Stanislas Dehaene2

  • 1Department of Medical Neurobiology, The Institute for Medical Research Israel-Canada, Faculty of Medicine, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91220, Israel.

Nature Communications
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The human brain

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Developmental Neuroscience

Background:

  • A preference for visual number symbols has been identified in the right inferior temporal gyrus (rITG).
  • The origins of this preference, the role of shape biases, and the necessity of visual processing remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how the brain develops a preference for number symbols without visual experience.
  • To determine the contribution of shape biases and visual processing to this preference.
  • To explore the neural basis of number symbol processing in congenitally blind individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study brain activity in blind and sighted individuals.
  • Congenitally blind subjects processed shapes via a visual-to-music sensory substitution device (The EyeMusic).
  • Resting-state fMRI was employed to analyze functional connectivity patterns.

Main Results:

  • The rITG showed greater activation when blind subjects processed symbols as numbers compared to control tasks.
  • Areas preferring numerals and letters exhibited distinct functional connectivity with quantity and language areas, respectively.
  • This specificity emerged independently of visual experience and sensory modality.

Conclusions:

  • Brain region specificity within the ventral stream can develop without visual input.
  • Functional connectivity patterns play a crucial role in shaping modality-independent preferences for symbols.
  • The findings challenge the notion that visual experience is essential for the development of number symbol representation.