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The S100 protein family, crucial in cancer, has dysregulated expression unique to each cancer type. Inhibitors targeting these proteins show promise for cancer diagnosis and treatment.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • The S100 protein family comprises 21 structurally similar but functionally distinct members.
  • These proteins act as intracellular calcium sensors and extracellular signaling factors.
  • Aberrant S100 protein expression is a hallmark of human cancers, with distinct profiles for each cancer type.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in understanding the role of S100 proteins in cancer.
  • To highlight the contribution of S100 signaling to tumor biology.
  • To discuss the development of S100 inhibitors for cancer therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent findings on S100 proteins in cancer.
  • Analysis of in vivo evidence on S100 protein involvement in tumorigenesis.
  • Overview of drug discovery efforts and clinical trials for S100 inhibitors.

Main Results:

  • S100 proteins are complex and multifactorial, contributing to proliferation, metastasis, angiogenesis, and immune evasion.
  • Specific S100 protein signatures are associated with different cancer types.
  • Several S100 inhibitors have been identified, with two progressing to clinical trials.

Conclusions:

  • S100 proteins play a significant role in cancer progression and represent potential diagnostic and therapeutic targets.
  • Targeting S100 signaling pathways offers a promising strategy for cancer treatment.
  • Further research into S100 biology and inhibitor development is crucial for advancing cancer care.