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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Comparing Eye-tracking Data of Children with High-functioning ASD, Comorbid ADHD, and of a Control Watching Social Videos
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Brief Report: Adaptive Functioning in Children with ASD, ADHD and ASD + ADHD.

Karen L Ashwood1, Charlotte Tye, Bahare Azadi

  • 1MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK, karen.ashwood@kcl.ac.uk.

Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders
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Summary

Children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) show worse adaptive functioning. The ASD + ADHD group had greater impairments, linked to autism symptoms, not ADHD symptoms.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Child psychology

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) frequently co-occur.
  • Children with these conditions often exhibit impaired adaptive functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To directly compare adaptive functioning in boys with ASD only, ADHD only, and comorbid ASD + ADHD.
  • To investigate the relationship between symptom presentation and adaptive deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales (VABS-II) data.
  • Compared adaptive functioning scores across three groups: ASD (n=17), ADHD (n=31), and ASD + ADHD (n=38).

Main Results:

  • The ASD + ADHD group exhibited lower socialization and composite scores compared to the ADHD-only group.
  • A greater discrepancy between cognitive and adaptive abilities was observed in the ASD + ADHD group.
  • Reduced adaptive functioning was significantly associated with autism symptoms, but not ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Children with comorbid ASD and ADHD experience more severe adaptive functioning impairments than those with ADHD alone.
  • These exacerbated deficits are primarily associated with autism spectrum disorder symptoms.
  • Differentiating adaptive skill variations is crucial for assessing complex neurodevelopmental cases.