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Related Concept Videos

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

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Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor,...
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Hyperthyroidism II: Pathophysiology01:27

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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH...
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Abnormal Proliferation

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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

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Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence...
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Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction01:25

Hyperthyroidism I: Introduction

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Hyperthyroidism is a type of thyrotoxicosis characterized by the thyroid gland's overproduction of the thyroid hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). This hormone excess increases the basal metabolic rate and enhances sensitivity to catecholamines.DiagnosisDiagnosis is based on clinical features and biochemical testing. It typically shows suppressed thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels below 0.4 mIU/L, with elevated free T3 and/or T4. Additional tests, including thyroid...
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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Related Experiment Video

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Spontaneous Murine Model of Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer
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Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with rhabdoid features.

Gong Feng1, William B Laskin, Pauline M Chou

  • 1Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.

Diagnostic Cytopathology
|January 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This case report details an aggressive anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) with rhabdoid features in a 68-year-old male. The findings highlight the importance of accurate diagnosis for this rare and aggressive thyroid cancer.

Keywords:
anaplastic thyroid carcinomacytologyfine-needle aspirationimmunohistochemicstryrhabdoid cells

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Anaplastic thyroid carcinoma (ATC) is a rare, highly aggressive thyroid neoplasm.
  • It is characterized by undifferentiated cells, posing diagnostic challenges.

Observation:

  • A 68-year-old male presented with a rapidly enlarging neck mass.
  • Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) and needle core biopsy (NCB) revealed pleomorphic rhabdoid cells.
  • Histologic examination showed extensive tumor infiltration, necrosis, and mitotic activity.

Findings:

  • Immunohistochemistry confirmed tumor cells were positive for keratins (AE1/AE3, CAM5.2, CK19), PAX-8, and p63.
  • Tumor cells were negative for markers including S-100, TTF-1, thyroglobulin, and INI-1.
  • The cytomorphologic and immunophenotypic features are consistent with anaplastic thyroid carcinoma with rhabdoid features.

Implications:

  • Accurate diagnosis of ATC with rhabdoid features is crucial for appropriate patient management.
  • This case contributes to the understanding of rare thyroid cancer variants.
  • Further research into the differential diagnosis of malignant rhabdoid tumors is warranted.