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Related Concept Videos

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling01:11

Aryldiazonium Salts to Azo Dyes: Diazo Coupling

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The reaction of weakly electrophilic aryldiazonium (also called arenediazonium) salts with highly activated aromatic compounds leads to the formation of products with an —N=N— link, called an azo linkage. This reaction, presented in Figure 1, is known as diazo coupling and occurs without the loss of the nitrogen atoms of the aryldiazonium salt. Highly activated aromatic compounds such as phenols or arylamines favor the diazo coupling reaction. The coupling generally occurs at the...
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Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions01:20

Diazonium Group Substitution with Halogens and Cyanide: Sandmeyer and Schiemann Reactions

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Arenediazonium substitution reactions occur when the diazonium group is substituted by various functional groups such as halides, hydroxyl, nitrile, etc. For instance, arenediazonium salts react with copper(I) salts of chloride, bromide, or cyanide to form corresponding aryl chlorides, bromides, and nitriles. These reactions are named Sandmeyer reactions. Although the mechanism of this reaction is complicated, as illustrated in Figure 1, they are believed to progress via an aryl copper...
2.7K
Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H01:19

Diazonium Group Substitution: –OH and –H

3.5K
Nitrous acid, a weak acid, is prepared in situ via the reaction of sodium nitrite with a strong acid under cold conditions. This nitrous acid prepared in situ reacts with primary arylamines to form arenediazonium salts. Such reactions are known as diazotization reactions. As shown in Figure 1, the formation of arenediazonium salts begins with the decomposition of nitrous acid in an acidic solution to give nitrosonium ions.
3.5K
Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

694
Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...
694
Colors and Magnetism03:02

Colors and Magnetism

14.9K
Color in Coordination Complexes
When atoms or molecules absorb light at the proper frequency, their electrons are excited to higher-energy orbitals. For many main group atoms and molecules, the absorbed photons are in the ultraviolet range of the electromagnetic spectrum, which cannot be detected by the human eye. For coordination compounds, the energy difference between the d orbitals often allows photons in the visible range to be absorbed and emitted, which is seen as colors by the human...
14.9K
Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

11.9K
Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
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Binary polyazides of cadmium and mercury.

Axel Schulz1, Alexander Villinger

  • 1Institut für Chemie, Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 3a, 18059 Rostock (Germany); Abteilung Materialdesign, Leibniz-Institut für Katalyse e.V. an der Universität Rostock, Albert-Einstein-Strasse 29a, 18059 Rostock (Germany).

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|January 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study synthesizes novel cadmium and mercury azido compounds, [E(N3)(2+n)](n-), providing detailed characterization and structural insights into these nitrogen-rich materials.

Keywords:
azidescadmiumcycloadditionmercurystructure elucidation

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Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Coordination Chemistry

Background:

  • Binary element-nitrogen compounds are of significant research interest.
  • Azido complexes of cadmium and mercury offer unique chemical properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize new tri- and tetraazido cadmate and mercurate anions.
  • To investigate the reactivity of polyazido mercurates.
  • To elucidate the structure and bonding in these novel compounds.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesis of [Ph4P](+) and [PNP](+) salts of azido anions.
  • Comprehensive characterization including M.p., IR/Raman, elemental analysis, and NMR spectroscopy.
  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction.
  • Theoretical calculations (M06-2X/aug-cc-pVDZ).

Main Results:

  • Successful synthesis and characterization of [E(N3)(2+n)](n-) anions (E = Cd, Hg).
  • Investigation of azide/chloride exchange and tetrazolate salt formation.
  • Determination of single crystal X-ray structures for new compounds and a related cadmium complex.
  • First-time synthesis of anhydrous cadmium(II) azide and its DMSO adduct.

Conclusions:

  • The study expands the library of binary element-nitrogen compounds with novel azido complexes.
  • Structural and theoretical data provide insights into bonding in these polyazido systems.
  • New synthetic routes to cadmium and mercury azido compounds were established.