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Related Concept Videos

Frictional Force01:07

Frictional Force

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When a body is in motion, it encounters resistance because the body interacts with its surroundings. This resistance is known as friction, a common yet complex force whose behavior is still not completely understood. Friction opposes relative motion between systems in contact, but also allows us to move. Friction arises in part due to the roughness of surfaces in contact. For one object to move along a surface, it must rise to where the peaks of the surface can skip along the bottom of the...
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Static and Kinetic Frictional Force01:05

Static and Kinetic Frictional Force

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One of the simpler characteristics of sliding friction is that it is parallel to the contact surfaces between systems, and is always in a direction that opposes the motion or attempted motion of the systems relative to each other. If two systems are in contact and moving relative to one another, then the friction between them is called kinetic friction. For example, kinetic friction slows a hockey puck sliding on ice.
However, if two systems are in contact and are stationary relative to one...
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Types of Friction Problems01:27

Types of Friction Problems

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Friction is an essential concept in physics, engineering, and everyday life. It is the force that opposes the relative motion or tendency of such motion between two surfaces in contact. One of the most common types of friction encountered in various applications is dry friction. Dry friction problems can be broadly categorized into three types, each with unique characteristics and challenges.
The first type of dry friction problem involves situations where there is no apparent impending motion....
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Characteristics of Dry Friction01:21

Characteristics of Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs when two solid surfaces slide against each other without any lubrication or fluid present. It causes resistance when pushing objects along a surface, like a gardener pushing a wheelbarrow. The force applied to move the cart causes dry friction between the wheel and the ground.
Before the wheelbarrow starts moving, the static frictional force acts tangentially to the contact surface, opposing the force that is about to induce the motion. This frictional force prevents the...
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Dry Friction01:30

Dry Friction

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Dry friction occurs between two solid surfaces in contact as they attempt to move relative to one another. In daily life, dry friction is encountered in various forms, such as when walking on the ground, sliding an object across a table, or rubbing hands together. Despite its ubiquity, the underlying mechanisms behind dry friction are not readily visible.
To illustrate this concept, imagine a wooden crate resting on a rough, non-uniform horizontal surface. When an external force is applied to...
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Kinetic Friction01:26

Kinetic Friction

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Consider a truck trying to pull a stationary car. As the truck exerts a force on the car, static friction is created at the point of contact between the two surfaces. This frictional force resists the car's movement and keeps it at rest. However, when the applied force by the truck surpasses the limiting static frictional force, an interesting phenomenon occurs. The frictional force at the interface reduces to a lower value, known as the kinetic frictional force. At this point, the car...
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Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
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Active nematic materials with substrate friction.

Sumesh P Thampi1, Ramin Golestanian1, Julia M Yeomans1

  • 1The Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1 Keble Road, Oxford, OX1 3NP, United Kingdom.

Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|January 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Active turbulence in dense systems exhibits high vorticity. Increased friction leads to more topological defects and jammed states with opposing flow bands, similar to passive complex fluids.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Active Matter Systems
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Active turbulence is a state in dense active systems characterized by large-scale vorticity.
  • Momentum propagation in these systems is influenced by frictional damping.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the properties of active turbulence under varying frictional damping.
  • To investigate the impact of friction on the structure and dynamics of active turbulence.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical description of active turbulence.
  • Analysis of momentum propagation and velocity decay with increasing friction.
  • Characterization of nematic director fields and topological defects.

Main Results:

  • Increased frictional damping screens momentum propagation and accelerates velocity decay.
  • Higher friction leads to decreased spacing between walls in the nematic director field.
  • A transition occurs to a state with more topological defects and eventually to a jammed state with shear-band-like structures.

Conclusions:

  • Frictional damping plays a critical role in shaping active turbulence.
  • The transition to jammed states with opposing flow bands is analogous to shear banding in passive complex fluids.
  • This study provides insights into the fundamental physics of active matter systems.