Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 18, 2026
11:54
Ligand-Mediated Nucleation and Growth of Palladium Metal Nanoparticles
Published on: June 25, 2018
10.9K
Bubble evolution and properties in homogeneous nucleation simulations
Raymond Angélil1, Jürg Diemand1, Kyoko K Tanaka2
1Institute for Computational Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
Physical Review. E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics
|January 24, 2015
Summary
Molecular dynamics simulations reveal nanobubble properties during liquid-to-vapor nucleation. Key findings include lower bubble gas densities and temperatures, and thinner interfaces, impacting boiling and cavitation.
Area of Science:
- Thermodynamics
- Fluid Dynamics
- Materials Science
Background:
- Understanding liquid-to-vapor nucleation is crucial for processes like boiling and cavitation.
- Nanobubbles play a significant role in these phase transitions.
- Previous studies often lacked the resolution to accurately characterize nanobubble properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To analyze the properties of naturally formed nanobubbles.
- To investigate nanobubble behavior in both boiling and cavitation regimes.
- To compare simulation results with existing theoretical models.
Main Methods:
- Lennard-Jones molecular dynamics simulations.
- Utilized large computational volumes for realistic environments.
- Measured bubble properties from inception to growth.
Main Results:
- Bubble gas densities were up to 50% lower than equilibrium vapor densities.
- Bubble gas temperatures were up to 25% below bulk liquid temperatures due to latent heat.
- Liquid-vapor bubble interfaces were up to 50% thinner than predicted by planar coexistence.
- Rapid bubble growth in cavitation caused local liquid temperature increases up to 5%.
Conclusions:
- Nanobubble properties significantly deviate from equilibrium predictions.
- The observed temperature and density variations influence bubble dynamics.
- The Rayleigh-Plesset model shows good agreement for bubble growth in the cavitation regime.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
02:39Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation
22.3K
The physical form of a substance changes on changing its temperature. For example, raising the temperature of a liquid causes the liquid to vaporize (convert into vapor). The process is called vaporization—a surface phenomenon. Vaporization occurs when the thermal motion of the molecules overcome the intermolecular forces, and the molecules (at the surface) escape into the gaseous state. When a liquid vaporizes in a closed container, gas molecules cannot escape. As these gas phase...
22.3K
01:23Equilibrium Conditions for a Particle
2.6K
When an object is in equilibrium, it is either at rest or moving with a constant velocity. There are two types of equilibrium: static and dynamic. Static equilibrium occurs when an object is at rest, while dynamic equilibrium occurs when an object is moving with a constant velocity. In both cases, there must be a balance of forces acting on the object.
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
To understand the concept of equilibrium, let us first consider the forces acting on an object. When different forces act on an object, they can...
2.6K
01:14Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin State Population Distribution
2.6K
Near absolute zero temperatures, in the presence of a magnetic field, the majority of nuclei prefer the lower energy spin-up state to the higher energy spin-down state. As temperatures increase, the energy from thermal collisions distributes the spins more equally between the two states. The Boltzmann distribution equation gives the ratio of the number of spins predicted in the spin −½ (N−) and spin +½ (N+) states.
2.6K
02:15Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions
30.9K
Homogeneous Equilibria for Gaseous Reactions
For gas-phase reactions, the equilibrium constant may be expressed in terms of either the molar concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp) of the reactants and products. A relation between these two K values may be simply derived from the ideal gas equation and the definition of molarity. According to the ideal gas equation:
For gas-phase reactions, the equilibrium constant may be expressed in terms of either the molar concentrations (Kc) or partial pressures (Kp) of the reactants and products. A relation between these two K values may be simply derived from the ideal gas equation and the definition of molarity. According to the ideal gas equation:
30.9K
01:16Precipitate Formation and Particle Size Control
7.2K
In precipitation gravimetry, the precipitating agent should react specifically or selectively with the analyte. While a specific reagent reacts with the analyte alone, a selective reagent can react with a limited number of chemical species.
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
The obtained precipitate should be either a pure substance of known composition or easily converted to one by a simple process, such as ignition or drying. In addition, the precipitate should be insoluble and easily filterable. In general, filterability...
7.2K
03:18Nuclear Stability
24.6K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively...
To hold positively...
24.6K