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Irreversible work and inner friction in quantum thermodynamic processes.

F Plastina1, A Alecce2, T J G Apollaro3

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This study explores thermodynamics in non-equilibrium quantum systems, introducing concepts of irreversible work and inner friction. These are linked to heat exchange and relative entropy, with a fluctuation relation for inner friction entropy production.

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Area of Science:

  • Thermodynamics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Statistical Physics

Background:

  • Understanding non-equilibrium thermodynamics in quantum systems is crucial.
  • Unitary processes in closed quantum systems present unique thermodynamic challenges.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the thermodynamics of closed quantum systems driven out of equilibrium.
  • To compare actual work done with ideal transformations (adiabatic, isothermal).
  • To introduce and analyze irreversible work and inner friction.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of unitary processes in driven quantum systems.
  • Comparison of actual work with work from adiabatic and isothermal transformations.
  • Derivation of fluctuation relations for entropy production.

Main Results:

  • Introduced irreversible work and inner friction by comparing actual work to ideal processes.
  • Demonstrated that irreversible work and inner friction are equivalent, linked to heat exchange and relative entropy.
  • Established a fluctuation relation for entropy production associated with inner friction.

Conclusions:

  • Irreversible work and inner friction are fundamental concepts in non-equilibrium quantum thermodynamics.
  • These quantities can be unified and expressed using relative entropies.
  • Inner friction can be quantified via its entropy production and cumulants through fluctuation relations.