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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Spatial Separation of Molecular Conformers and Clusters
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Size-dependent high-order harmonic generation in rare-gas clusters.

Hyunwook Park1, Zhou Wang1, Hui Xiong1

  • 1Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA.

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High-order harmonic generation (HHG) in rare-gas clusters shows a size-dependent knee structure, influenced by electron wave function delocalization. Small clusters offer higher efficiency, but this advantage diminishes with increasing size.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic and Molecular Physics
  • Laser Physics
  • Quantum Optics

Background:

  • High-order harmonic generation (HHG) is a crucial nonlinear optical process.
  • Investigating HHG in rare-gas clusters reveals unique quantum phenomena.
  • Understanding cluster-specific HHG mechanisms is essential for advanced light source development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of rare-gas cluster size on high-order harmonic generation.
  • To explore the relationship between cluster properties and the HHG spectral features.
  • To elucidate the underlying physics of HHG in nanoscopic environments.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study of HHG using 0.8 and 1.3 μm femtosecond lasers.
  • Systematic variation of rare-gas cluster size.
  • Utilizing a 1D recollision model for theoretical analysis.

Main Results:

  • Observed a characteristic, species-dependent knee structure in the single-particle response.
  • The 1D recollision model qualitatively reproduced the knee structure, linking it to wave function delocalization.
  • Small clusters exhibited higher HHG efficiency compared to monomers, with efficiency decreasing as cluster size increased.

Conclusions:

  • The study highlights the critical role of cluster size and electron wave function delocalization in HHG.
  • Findings suggest that optimal HHG efficiency in clusters is size-dependent.
  • The results provide insights into the fundamental mechanisms governing laser-matter interactions in nanoclusters.