New reconstructions of the (110) surface of rutile TiO2 predicted by an evolutionary method
Qinggao Wang1, Artem R Oganov2, Qiang Zhu3
1Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, 9 Institutskiy Lane, Dolgoprudny City, Moscow Region 141700, Russia and Department of Physics and Electrical Engineering, Anyang Normal University, Anyang, Henan Province 455000, People's Republic of China.
Abstract:
Reconstructions of the (110) surface of rutile TiO2 (the dominant surface of this important mineral and catalyst) are investigated using the evolutionary approach, resolving previous controversies. Depending on thermodynamic conditions, four different stable reconstructions are observed for this surface. We confirm the recently proposed "Ti2O3-(1×2)" and "Ti2O-(1×2)" reconstructions and predict two new reconstructions "Ti3O2-(1×2)" and "Ti3O3-(2×1)," which match experimental results. Furthermore, we find that surface electronic states are sensitive to reconstructions and, therefore, depend on thermodynamic conditions.
