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Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

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Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
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Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

2.0K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
2.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview01:08

Spin–Spin Coupling Constant: Overview

1.7K
In bromoethane, the three methyl protons are coupled to the two methylene protons that are three bonds away. In accordance with the n+1 rule, the signal from the methyl protons is split into three peaks with 1:2:1 relative intensities. The methylene protons appear as a quartet, with the relative intensities of 1:3:3:1.
Qualitatively, any spin plus-half nucleus polarizes the spins of its electrons to the minus-half state. Consequently, the paired electron in the hydrogen–carbon bond must...
1.7K
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

1.8K
Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are...
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NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling01:08

NMR Spectroscopy: Spin–Spin Coupling

3.9K
The spin state of an NMR-active nucleus can have a slight effect on its immediate electronic environment. This effect propagates through the intervening bonds and affects the electronic environments of NMR-active nuclei up to three bonds away; occasionally, even farther. This phenomenon is called spin–spin coupling or J-coupling. Coupling interactions are mutual and result in small changes in the absorption frequencies of both nuclei involved. While nuclei of the same element are involved...
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Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin01:08

Atomic Nuclei: Nuclear Spin

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All atomic particles possess an intrinsic angular momentum, or 'spin'. Electrons, protons, and neutrons each have a spin value of ½, although protons and neutrons in nuclei may have higher half-integer spins owing to energetic factors.
Atomic nuclei have a net nuclear spin, , which can have an integer or half-integer value. In atomic nuclei, the spins of protons are paired against each other but not with neutrons, and vice versa. Consequently, an even number of protons does not contribute...
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction
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Spin correlation in O(2) chemisorption on Ni(111).

Mitsunori Kurahashi1, Yasushi Yamauchi1

  • 1National Institute for Materials Science, 1-2-1 Sengen, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0047, Japan.

Physical Review Letters
|January 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary

The electron spin of molecular oxygen (O(2)) significantly influences its sticking probability on nickel surfaces. Higher sticking occurs when O(2) spin aligns against the nickel

Area of Science:

  • Surface science
  • Quantum chemistry
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Molecular oxygen (O(2)) is paramagnetic, but its electron spin's role in chemisorption is not well understood.
  • Understanding spin effects is crucial for controlling surface reactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of molecular oxygen's electron spin on its chemisorption probability.
  • To explore spin-dependent interactions at the molecule-surface interface.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted spin- and alignment-resolved O(2) chemisorption experiments.
  • Utilized a single spin-rotational state-selected O(2) beam.
  • Employed a magnetized Ni(111) surface as the substrate.

Main Results:

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  • O(2) sticking probability is higher when its spin is antiparallel to the Ni substrate's majority spin.
  • This spin dependence intensifies at lower translational energies.
  • A spin dependence exceeding 40% was observed at thermal energy.

Conclusions:

  • Incident O(2) molecules maintain significant spin polarization even near the dissociation barrier.
  • Electron spin plays a critical role in O(2) chemisorption dynamics.
  • The findings open new avenues for spin-controlled surface chemistry.