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Tunable long range forces mediated by self-propelled colloidal hard spheres.

Ran Ni1, Martien A Cohen Stuart2, Peter G Bolhuis3

  • 1Van't Hoff Institute for Molecular Sciences, Universiteit van Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands and Laboratory of Physical Chemistry and Colloid Science, Wageningen University, Dreijenplein 6, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands.

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The interaction between walls in active colloidal suspensions can switch from repulsion to attraction by altering particle density. This study reveals tunable forces and dynamic structures in active matter systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Active Matter Systems
  • Colloidal Science

Background:

  • Understanding interactions in active matter is crucial for controlling microscopic object assembly.
  • Colloidal suspensions of self-propelled particles exhibit unique emergent behaviors.
  • Confined active matter systems present complex dynamic interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically investigate the effective interaction between parallel hard walls in a 2D active colloidal suspension.
  • To explore how particle density influences inter-wall forces.
  • To understand the role of dynamic structures in mediating these interactions.

Main Methods:

  • Brownian dynamics simulations were employed to model the system.
  • The study focused on a 2D suspension of self-propelled (active) colloidal hard spheres.
  • System parameters such as particle density and confinement height were varied.

Main Results:

  • Effective forces between walls can be tuned from long-range repulsion to attraction by changing active particle density.
  • At high densities, dynamic crystalline bridges form, inducing oscillating repulsive forces.
  • Decreasing density leads to bridge breakdown and the emergence of attractive depletion forces.

Conclusions:

  • The density of active particles is a key parameter for controlling inter-wall interactions.
  • Dynamic structures like crystalline bridges play a significant role in mediating forces.
  • These findings offer new avenues for manipulating active matter motion and assembly.