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Related Concept Videos

Transcription in Prokaryotes01:28

Transcription in Prokaryotes

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Transcription is a highly regulated process that converts genetic information into RNA molecules. The transcription cycle is divided into three key stages: initiation, elongation, and termination, each driven by specific molecular mechanisms.Initiation of TranscriptionIn bacteria, transcription begins when the RNA polymerase core enzyme associates with a sigma factor to form a holoenzyme. For example, the E. coli sigma factor called σ70 forms a holoenzyme, which recognizes the -10 (Pribnow...
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Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

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RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
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Transcription Initiation01:47

Transcription Initiation

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Initiation is the first step of transcription in eukaryotes. Prokaryotic RNA Polymerase (RNAP) can bind to the template DNA and start transcribing. On the other hand, transcription in eukaryotes requires additional proteins, called transcription factors, to first bind to the promoter region in the DNA template. This binding helps recruit the specific RNAP that can assemble on the DNA and start transcription.
The promoters and enhancers and their accessory proteins allow tight regulation of...
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Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

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Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
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Transcription01:17

Transcription

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Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
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Transcription01:10

Transcription

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Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...
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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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Transcription initiation determines its end.

Boris Slobodin1, Reuven Agami2

  • 1Division of Biological Stress Response, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Plesmanlaan 121, 1066 CX Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

Molecular Cell
|January 24, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Promoters play a key role in regulating messenger RNA (mRNA) processing in Drosophila neurons. This study reveals their widespread involvement in alternative cleavage and polyadenylation, impacting gene expression.

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Real-time Analysis of Transcription Factor Binding, Transcription, Translation, and Turnover to Display Global Events During Cellular Activation
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Alternative cleavage and polyadenylation (APA) are crucial post-transcriptional regulatory mechanisms.
  • APA influences mRNA diversity and gene expression in various organisms.
  • The role of promoter elements in regulating APA is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the involvement of promoters in the regulation of APA in Drosophila neurons.
  • To identify specific promoter regions that influence APA site selection.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of mRNA sequencing data from Drosophila neurons.
  • Computational identification of promoter-proximal regulatory elements.
  • Experimental validation of identified regulatory elements.

Main Results:

  • The study identified widespread involvement of promoters in regulating APA in Drosophila neurons.
  • Specific promoter regions were found to influence the choice of polyadenylation sites.
  • These regulatory events impact the expression of numerous genes.

Conclusions:

  • Promoters are critical regulators of APA in neuronal gene expression.
  • Understanding promoter-APA interactions provides insights into gene regulation complexity.
  • This finding opens new avenues for studying mRNA processing in neuroscience.