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Related Concept Videos

Self-Locking Screw01:16

Self-Locking Screw

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A square-threaded screw jack is a mechanical device widely used for lifting heavy loads or applying considerable force. One of the key features that can make a screw jack more effective and reliable is its self-locking capability.
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Screws are characterized by a helical ridge known as a thread wrapped around a cylindrical shaft. They are commonly used as fasteners to hold objects together or to transmit power and motion in machines. One type of screw that is particularly useful for transmitting power is the square-threaded screw.
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In mechanical engineering, the interaction between a threaded screw shaft and a plate gear involves analyzing the resisting torque on the plate gear that can be overpowered when a specific torsional moment is applied to the shaft. To better comprehend this concept, consider a generic situation with a threaded screw shaft with a given mean radius and lead and a plate gear with a specified mean radius. The coefficient of static friction between the screw and gear is also provided.
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

An Anesthesia, Surgery, and Harvest Method for the Evaluation of Transpedicular Screws Using an In Vivo Porcine Lumbar Spine Model
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Pedicle screw loosening: a clinically relevant complication?

Fabio Galbusera1, David Volkheimer, Sandra Reitmaier

  • 1IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Galeazzi, via Galeazzi 4, 20161, Milan, Italy, fabio.galbusera@grupposandonato.it.

European Spine Journal : Official Publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society
|January 25, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Pedicle screw loosening is a minor issue in non-osteoporotic bone but lacks data in osteoporotic bone. Standardized radiological assessment and clinical follow-up protocols are crucial for accurate pedicle screw loosening rate reporting.

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Area of Science:

  • Spine surgery
  • Orthopedics
  • Biomedical engineering

Background:

  • Pedicle screw loosening rates vary widely (1-15%) after thoracolumbar stabilization.
  • Rates are higher in osteoporotic patients or those with dynamic systems.
  • Biomechanical factors and definitions of loosening contribute to variability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the impact of pedicle screw loosening on fixation success in osteoporotic and non-osteoporotic patients.
  • Discuss biomechanical reasons for variable loosening rates.
  • Summarize and discuss clinical and radiological definitions of screw loosening.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative literature review.

Main Results:

  • Screw loosening is a minor concern in non-osteoporotic bone.
  • Limited clinical data exists for pedicle screw fixation in osteoporotic bone.
  • Expandable/augmented screws may help, but evidence is lacking; posterior motion-preserving implants show higher loosening risk.
  • Radiological assessment lacks standardization, with differing rates between planar radiography and CT scans.

Conclusions:

  • Loosening rates depend heavily on clinical follow-up protocols and radiological assessment methods.
  • Standardized criteria for assessing screw loosening and clinical follow-up are recommended.
  • Low-dose CT is advised for accurate screw loosening assessment.