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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Social Epidemiology
  • Public Health Policy

Background:

  • Economic difficulties are increasingly recognized as a potential determinant of employee health and labor market participation.
  • Previous research has explored various socioeconomic factors influencing retirement, but the specific link with financial hardship requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between economic difficulties and subsequent disability retirement among middle-aged employees.
  • To examine if this association differs by sex and specific causes of disability retirement (musculoskeletal diseases, mental disorders).

Main Methods:

  • Utilized survey data from middle-aged Helsinki employees (2000-2002) linked to Finnish pension register data until 2010.
  • Employed Cox regression analysis to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for disability retirement.
  • Controlled for a range of covariates including occupational class, income, housing tenure, and work/health factors.

Main Results:

  • Frequent economic difficulties were strongly associated with all-cause disability retirement in both women (HR=2.11) and men (HR=2.69), even after covariate adjustment.
  • Among women, economic difficulties were linked to disability retirement due to mental disorders (HR=3.29) and musculoskeletal diseases (HR=1.85).
  • The association with mental disorder-related retirement remained robust, while the link with musculoskeletal issues was slightly reduced after considering socioeconomic factors.

Conclusions:

  • Economic difficulties represent an independent risk factor for disability retirement.
  • These findings underscore the importance of addressing financial hardship to mitigate early exits from the labor market due to disability.
  • Interventions aimed at reducing economic strain may help improve long-term workforce participation.