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Free-breathing T2* mapping using respiratory motion corrected averaging.

Peter Kellman1, Hui Xue, Bruce S Spottiswoode

  • 1National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, DHHS, 10 Center Drive MSC-1061, Bethesda 20892, MD, USA. kellman@nih.gov.

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A new free-breathing MRI method overcomes ghosting artifacts common in breath-held T2* mapping. This technique ensures diagnostic image quality for all patients, improving signal-to-noise ratio.

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Area of Science:

  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
  • Medical Imaging Physics

Background:

  • Breath-held segmented MRI T2* mapping is susceptible to ghost artifacts from poor breath-holding or arrhythmias.
  • Single-shot imaging offers inherent immunity to ghost artifacts.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and evaluate a free-breathing MRI method for T2* mapping using respiratory motion-corrected single-shot imaging.
  • To improve signal-to-noise ratio and diagnostic quality compared to traditional breath-held techniques.

Main Methods:

  • Acquired multi-echo gradient recalled echo images using both breath-held segmented and free-breathing single-shot protocols.
  • Calculated pixel-wise T2* maps via exponential fitting.
  • Compared T2* measurements in the interventricular septum and liver across 40 subjects in two cohorts.

Main Results:

  • Breath-held T2* maps were non-diagnostic in 8/28 subjects in cohort 1 and 1/12 in cohort 2 due to artifacts.
  • Free-breathing, motion-corrected T2* maps were diagnostic in all 40 subjects.
  • Excellent agreement was observed between free-breathing and breath-held T2* measurements where available (r² > 0.93).

Conclusions:

  • A free-breathing approach to T2* mapping effectively produces consistently good quality maps.
  • This method mitigates artifacts caused by respiratory motion and arrhythmias, ensuring diagnostic utility.