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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Validation of a Psychosocial Intervention on Body Image in Older People: An Experimental Design
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The Body Image Psychological Inflexibility Scale: development and psychometric properties.

Glenn M Callaghan1, Emily K Sandoz2, Sabrina M Darrow3

  • 1Department of Psychology, San Jose State University, San Jose, CA, United States.

Psychiatry Research
|January 26, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Psychological inflexibility is linked to body image disturbance and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD). A new Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) scale demonstrates this connection, offering a tool for assessing these issues.

Keywords:
AcceptanceAssessmentAvoidanceBody dysmorphic disorderBody image disturbanceBody image flexibilityMeasurement

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Body image disturbance and body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) are significant concerns.
  • Psychological inflexibility, the avoidance of internal experiences, may underlie these conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To clarify the role of psychological inflexibility in body image disturbance and BDD.
  • To develop and validate a measure of psychological inflexibility based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) principles.

Main Methods:

  • A 16-item scale was developed, incorporating new items and revising existing ones.
  • The scale was validated across three ethnically diverse undergraduate samples.
  • Participants completed assessments and were interviewed for BDD.

Main Results:

  • The scale demonstrated strong internal consistency (α = 0.93) and test-retest reliability (r = 0.90).
  • A single-factor solution and convergent validity were established.
  • Data confirmed a relationship between psychological inflexibility and body image disturbance.

Conclusions:

  • Psychological inflexibility is empirically linked to body image disturbance and BDD.
  • The developed ACT-based measure is a reliable and valid tool for assessing psychological inflexibility in this context.
  • Findings support an ACT conceptualization of body image problems.