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Area of Science:

  • Health communication
  • Sociology of health and illness
  • Gender studies

Background:

  • Self-directed health information seeking is rising.
  • Females historically engage in health information seeking more than males.
  • This sex difference is under-researched empirically and theoretically.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze trends in the sex gap in health information seeking over time.
  • To investigate potential explanations for this sex gap, including childcare labor, illness reactivity, and perceived illness risk.
  • To examine the role of perceived cancer risk in mediating men's health information seeking.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized repeated cross-sectional data and 2012 Health Information Trends Survey (HINTS) data.
  • Analyzed multiple dependent variables to assess health information seeking behaviors.
  • Employed statistical methods to test gendered explanations for the observed sex gap.

Main Results:

  • Females consistently seek more cancer information, general health information, and online health information than males.
  • The sex gap in cancer information seeking may be narrowing over time.
  • The tested explanations (childcare, illness reactivity, perceived risk) received limited support, although perceived cancer risk mediated lower information seeking in men.

Conclusions:

  • A persistent sex gap in health information seeking exists.
  • Theories of masculinity and health offer partial explanations but are insufficient.
  • Further research is needed to identify additional factors contributing to the sex gap in health information seeking.