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[Case-control studies of the relevant factors among Ningxia Hui and Han prostate cancer groups]
Jiazhao Liu1, Zhiqiang Chen1, Ruting Bo1
1Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan 750004, China.
Insights
Prostate cancer risk factors differ between Hui and Han populations. Drinking and high free prostate specific antigen (F-PSA) increase risk in Hui, while smoking and high total prostate specific antigen (T-PSA) or F-PSA increase risk in Han. High triglycerides may be protective for both groups.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Oncology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Prostate cancer is a significant health concern globally.
- Understanding population-specific risk factors is crucial for targeted prevention strategies.
- Ethnic variations in disease susceptibility are increasingly recognized.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between clinical factors and prostate cancer risk in Hui and Han Chinese populations.
- To identify distinct risk and protective factors for prostate cancer in these two ethnic groups.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 267 prostate cancer patients and 534 benign prostatic hyperplasia controls.
- Data collected included demographics, lifestyle factors (smoking, drinking), and biochemical markers: fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total prostate specific antigen (T-PSA), free prostate specific antigen (F-PSA), and the ratio of free/total PSA (F/T-PSA).
- Conditional logistic regression and attributable risk proportion (ARP) were used for statistical analysis.
Main Results:
- In the Hui population, drinking (OR=20.48) and high F-PSA (OR=4.27) were associated with increased prostate cancer risk, while high TG (OR=0.24) showed a protective effect.
- In the Han population, smoking (OR=1.89), high T-PSA (OR=2.34), and high F-PSA (OR=2.43) increased risk, whereas high TG (OR=0.59) and high F/T-PSA ratio (OR=0.53) were protective.
- Significant attributable risk proportions were observed for drinking and high F-PSA in Hui, and smoking, high T-PSA, and high F-PSA in Han populations.
Conclusions:
- Drinking and elevated F-PSA levels are potential risk factors for prostate cancer in the Hui population.
- Smoking, elevated T-PSA, and elevated F-PSA levels are potential risk factors in the Han population.
- High triglyceride levels appear to be a protective factor for prostate cancer in both Hui and Han populations, highlighting ethnic differences in risk factor impact.
Objective:
To explore the relationship between the relevant factors and prostate cancer among Hui and Han populations.
Methods:
The study involved 267 prostate cancer patients as cases (214 cases from Han population and 53 cases from Hui population) and 534 prostatic hyperplasia patients as controls (428 cases from Han population and 106 cases from Hui population). All the patients were collected from the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University during January of 2007 to September of 2013. The level of fasting blood glucose (FBG), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), total prostate specific antigen (T-PSA), free prostate specific antigen (F-PSA) and free/total prostate specific antigen (F/T-PSA) were collected from the clinical medical records of the patients. Data were analyzed by the conditional logistic regression method, and attributable risk proportion(ARP) was calculated.
Results:
In Hui population, the risk of prostate cancer for drinkers was 20.48 times higher than the non-drinkers (35.8% (19/53) to 5.7% (6/106), OR = 20.48, 95% CI: 4.95-84.66). The high level of F-PSA significantly increased the risk of prostate cancer for Hui group (83.0% (44/53) to 55.7% (59/106), OR = 4.27, 95%CI: 1.18-15.43). In contrast, the high TG level decreased the risk of prostate cancer for Hui group (18.9% (10/53) to 20.8% (22/106), OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.07-0.83). In Han population, the risk of prostate cancer for smokers was 1.89 times higher than the non-smokers (55.1% (118/214) to 39.7% (170/428), OR = 1.89, 95% CI: 1.28-2.78). Either high level of T-PSA or F-PSA increased the risk of prostate cancer for Han group (86.4% (185/214) to 53.7% (230/428),OR = 2.34, 95%CI:1.22-4.52;85.5% (183/214) to 56.1% (240/428), OR = 2.43, 95% CI:1.29-4.59). However, the high TG level or high ratio of F/T-PSA decreased the risk of prostate cancer (15.4% (33/214) to 18.7% (80/428), OR = 0.59, 95% CI:0.36-0.98; 53.3% (114/214) to 73.4% (314/428), OR = 0.53, 95% CI:0.36-0.78). The APRs of drinking and high level of F-PSA in Han populations were 66.6%, 62.4% in Hui populations , and the APRs of smoking and high level of T-PSA, high level of F-PSA were 33.8%, 71.3%, 67.3% in Han populations.
Conclusion:
Both drinking and high level of F-PSA might be the risky factors of prostate cancer while the high TG level might be protective factor for Hui group. However, for Han population, smoking, high T-PSA level, and high F-PSA level might be risky factors for prostate cancer while the high TG level and high ratio of F/T-PSA might be protective factors. In summary, the clinical relevant factors of prostate cancer may play different roles between Hui and Han populations in Ningxia region.
