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Sequence diversity and molecular evolutionary rates between buffalo and cattle.

M Moaeen-ud-Din¹, G Bilal

¹Laboratories of Animal Breeding & Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.

Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics = Zeitschrift Fur Tierzuchtung Und Zuchtungsbiologie

|January 27, 2015

Summary

Genomic research in buffalo is limited. Comparing cattle and buffalo genes shows significant similarity, enabling cross-species genomic studies and revealing insights into molecular evolution within the Bovidae family.

Keywords:

Buffalo cattle gene diversity molecular evolution

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Area of Science:

Comparative genomics
Molecular evolution
Animal genetics

Background:

Genomic resources for buffalo are scarce, hindering the identification of genes related to production traits.
Cross-species comparative genomics offers a viable strategy to study the buffalo genome by leveraging cattle genomic data.
Nucleotide sequence similarity is crucial for the successful application of cross-species genomic approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess gene diversity between buffalo and cattle using orthologous genes.
To evaluate the potential for using cattle genomic data in buffalo research.
To investigate molecular evolutionary patterns and selection pressures in Bovidae.

Main Methods:

Analysis of 86 gene orthologues to determine nucleotide and amino acid diversity between buffalo and cattle.
Calculation of dN-dS values to assess selection pressure.
Application of relative rate tests with chi-squared analysis to compare mutation rates at synonymous and non-synonymous sites.

Main Results:

Approximately 3% nucleotide diversity and 0.267 ± 0.134 amino acid difference observed between buffalo and cattle genes.
Significantly higher non-synonymous substitutions in both species, with similar dN-dS values (4.414 in buffalo, 4.745 in cattle), indicating comparable positive selection pressure.
No significant difference in unique mutations at synonymous sites, but a significant difference at non-synonymous sites between cattle and buffalo lineages.
Evidence of different divergent times among genes, despite a common ancestry.

Conclusions:

Cross-species genomic strategies are feasible for buffalo research due to substantial gene similarity with cattle.
Buffalo and cattle experience similar positive selection pressures, but exhibit distinct evolutionary trajectories at the molecular level.
This study provides the first evidence of variable rates of molecular evolution within the Bovidae family, highlighting the complexity of evolutionary processes in related species.