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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

2.3K
Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

3.5K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease01:25

Inflammatory Bowel Disease III: Crohn's Disease

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Crohn’s disease is a chronic, relapsing form of inflammatory bowel disease characterized by segmental, transmural inflammation that can affect any part of the gastrointestinal tract. Its pathogenesis arises from a combination of genetic susceptibility, environmental exposures, epithelial barrier dysfunction, and immune dysregulation. Together, these factors lead to an exaggerated immune response against components of the gut microbiome.Genetic and Environmental InfluencesMultiple genetic...
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Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

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Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
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Type I Diabetes I: Introduction01:12

Type I Diabetes I: Introduction

1
Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by an absolute deficiency of insulin resulting from the autoimmune destruction of pancreatic β-cells. Although it can occur at any age, it is most commonly diagnosed in childhood, adolescence, or early adulthood. The loss of insulin production impairs cellular glucose uptake, resulting in persistent hyperglycemia and necessitating lifelong insulin therapy.Autoimmune Destruction of β-CellsThe hallmark of type 1...
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity

1.9K
An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
Complete Antigens
Complete antigens possess both immunogenicity and...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry
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Single-cell Analysis of Immunophenotype and Cytokine Production in Peripheral Whole Blood via Mass Cytometry

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IL-35 and Autoimmunity: a Comprehensive Perspective.

Jinjung Choi1,2, Patrick S C Leung1, Christopher Bowlus3

  • 1Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Clinical Immunology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|January 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Interleukin 35 (IL-35), a cytokine in the IL-12 family, exhibits potent immunosuppressive effects. Research suggests IL-35 therapies may effectively treat autoimmune and inflammatory diseases by modulating regulatory T and B cells.

Keywords:
AutoimmunityIL-12ImmunosuppressantsRegulatory T cells

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cytokine Biology
  • Autoimmunity Research

Background:

  • Interleukin 35 (IL-35) is the newest member of the IL-12 cytokine family.
  • IL-35 comprises p35 and Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 (EBI3) protein chains.
  • Unlike related proinflammatory cytokines, IL-35 possesses immunosuppressive properties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the therapeutic potential of IL-35 for autoimmune, inflammatory, and infectious diseases.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying IL-35's immunosuppressive effects.
  • To evaluate the role of IL-35 in regulating immunoreactivity.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of IL-35 structure and function within the IL-12 cytokine family.
  • Investigation of IL-35's impact on regulatory T and B cells.
  • Examination of IL-10-dependent mechanisms in murine models of autoimmunity.

Main Results:

  • IL-35 mediates immunosuppression through regulatory T and B cells, dependent on IL-10.
  • Deletion of IL-35 does not spontaneously break tolerance.
  • Recombinant IL-35 demonstrates efficacy in improving autoimmune responses in experimental models.

Conclusions:

  • IL-35 holds significant promise as a therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory conditions.
  • IL-35's immunosuppressive functions, particularly via IL-10-dependent pathways, are crucial for immune regulation.
  • Further research into IL-35-directed therapies is warranted for human diseases.