A 3-year-old female with abdominal pain, vomiting, and an abdominal mass

We present a case of a 3-year-old female with a 10-day history of lower abdominal pain, distention, and vomiting, as well as fatigue, low-grade fever, and subjective weight loss who was found to have utero-ovarian torsion with pathology revealing hemorrhagic and infarcted tissue. While the literature is limited, it suggests that utero-adnexal torsion in children may be more common than previously recognized. A missed, or even delayed, diagnosis of utero-adnexal torsion has the potential to result in irreversible ischemic damage. Utero-adnexal torsion should therefore be included in the differential diagnosis for girls presenting with acute abdominopelvic pain. Pelvic ultrasound to evaluate the uterus and adnexae is an important non-invasive first step in establishing the diagnosis. Computed tomography scan or magnetic resonance imaging can be considered in the case of indeterminate ultrasound. The diagnosis of utero-adnexal torsion must be made early, and surgical intervention must be timely in order to preserve fertility.