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Related Concept Videos

Protein Glycosylation01:25

Protein Glycosylation

10.7K
Glycosylation, the most common post-translational modification for proteins, serves diverse functions. Adding sugars to proteins makes the proteins more resistant to proteolytic digestion. Glycosylated proteins can act as markers and receptors to promote cell-cell adhesion. Additionally, they have many essential quality control functions in the cell, such as correct protein folding and facilitating transport of misfolded proteins to the cytosol, which can be degraded.
Glycosylation occurs in...
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Proteoglycans01:05

Proteoglycans

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Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...
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Oligosaccharide Assembly01:24

Oligosaccharide Assembly

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Protein glycosylation starts in the ER lumen and continues in the Golgi apparatus. Glycosyltransferases catalyze the addition of sugar molecules or glycosylation of proteins. Usually, these enzymes add sugars to the hydroxyl groups of selected serine or threonine residues to form O-linked glycans or the amino groups of asparagine residues to form N-linked glycans. Different positions on the same polypeptide chain can contain differently linked glycans.
Multiple sugar molecules that may or may...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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The mammalian target of rapamycin or mTOR protein was discovered in 1994 due to its direct interaction with rapamycin. The protein gets its name from a yeast homolog called TOR. The mTOR protein complex in mammalian cells plays a major role in balancing anabolic processes such as the synthesis of proteins, lipids, and nucleotides and catabolic processes, such as autophagy in response to environmental cues, such as availability of nutrients and growth factors.
The mTOR pathway or the...
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mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression03:03

mTOR Signaling and Cancer Progression

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Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells02:53

Adaptive Mechanisms in Cancer Cells

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Cancer cells accumulate genetic changes at an abnormally rapid rate due to the defects in the DNA repair mechanisms. From an evolutionary perspective, such genetic instability is advantageous for cancer development. Mutant cell lines accumulate a series of beneficial mutations that contribute to their progression into cancer.
Some of the advantages that cancer cells have on normal cells include - enhanced ability to divide without terminally differentiating, induce new blood vessel formation,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics
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Glycan Node Analysis: A Bottom-up Approach to Glycomics

Published on: May 22, 2016

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Protein glycosylation in cancer.

Sean R Stowell1, Tongzhong Ju, Richard D Cummings

  • 1Departments of 1Pathology and Laboratory Medicine and.

Annual Review of Pathology
|January 27, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Epigenetic changes, specifically in cellular glycosylation, significantly impact cancer progression. These alterations in sugar structures on cells offer potential new targets for cancer diagnosis and therapy.

Keywords:
biomarkerscancerglycansglycoproteinglycosylationimmunohistochemistryoligosaccharidestransformation

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Glycomics-Guided Glycoproteomics Facilitates Comprehensive Profiling of the Glycoproteome in Complex Tumor Microenvironments
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Chemically-blocked Antibody Microarray for Multiplexed High-throughput Profiling of Specific Protein Glycosylation in Complex Samples
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Glycomics-Guided Glycoproteomics Facilitates Comprehensive Profiling of the Glycoproteome in Complex Tumor Microenvironments
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Glycomics-Guided Glycoproteomics Facilitates Comprehensive Profiling of the Glycoproteome in Complex Tumor Microenvironments

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Epigenetics
  • Glycobiology

Background:

  • Neoplastic transformation involves diverse cellular changes affecting tissue growth and behavior.
  • While genetic mutations drive cancer, epigenetic modifications play a crucial role.
  • Altered cellular glycosylation is increasingly recognized as a key epigenetic factor in cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of epigenetic alterations in neoplastic transformation.
  • To emphasize the role of altered cellular glycosylation in cancer progression.
  • To explore the potential of tumor-associated glycosylation changes as diagnostic and therapeutic targets.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on epigenetic changes in neoplasia.
  • Analysis of the impact of glycosylation alterations on cancer cell biology.
  • Investigation of the role of glycosylation in tumor-induced immunomodulation and metastasis.

Main Results:

  • Epigenetic changes, particularly in glycosylation, significantly influence cancer cell growth and survival.
  • Altered glycosylation patterns facilitate tumor-associated immune evasion and metastasis.
  • Unique glycosylation signatures on cancer cells present potential biomarkers.

Conclusions:

  • Changes in cellular glycosylation are critical epigenetic drivers of neoplastic progression.
  • Tumor-associated glycosylation alterations represent promising targets for novel cancer diagnostics.
  • Targeting aberrant glycosylation pathways may offer new therapeutic strategies for cancer treatment.