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Retrieval induces forgetting, but only when nontested items compete for retrieval: Implication for interference,
Jason C K Chan1, Matthew R Erdman1, Sara D Davis1
1Department of Psychology, Iowa State University.
Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|January 27, 2015
Summary
Retrieval-induced forgetting occurs when practicing recalling some information makes it harder to recall other, unpracticed information. This study shows forgetting is linked to item competition during retrieval practice, supporting the inhibition theory.
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Psychology
- Memory Research
Background:
- Retrieval-induced forgetting is a memory phenomenon where recalling specific information impairs recall of unpracticed information.
- Theoretical explanations include interference, context reinstatement, and inhibition, with ongoing debate regarding their validity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of competition in retrieval-induced forgetting.
- To test a key assumption of the inhibition account of memory suppression.
Main Methods:
- A novel interpolated testing paradigm was employed.
- Participants learned nonpracticed items either before or after practicing retrieval of target items, manipulating competition levels.
Main Results:
- Retrieval-induced forgetting of nonpracticed items was observed exclusively when these items were studied prior to retrieval practice (high-competition condition).
- No significant forgetting occurred when nonpracticed items were studied after retrieval practice (low-competition condition).
Conclusions:
- The findings provide empirical support for the inhibition account of retrieval-induced forgetting.
- Competition during retrieval is a critical factor influencing memory suppression.
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