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Related Concept Videos

Stereoisomers02:32

Stereoisomers

19.7K
On the basis of mirror symmetry, stereoisomers of an organic molecule can be further classified into diastereomers and enantiomers. Diastereomers are stereoisomers that are not mirror images of each other. Substituted alkenes, such as the cis and trans isomers of 2-butene, are diastereomers, as these molecules exhibit different spatial orientations of their constituent atoms, are not mirror images of each other, and do not interconvert. Here, the interconversion is suppressed due to...
19.7K
Stereoisomerism02:52

Stereoisomerism

14.9K
Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula.
Transition metal complexes often exist as geometric isomers, in which the same atoms are connected through the same types of bonds but with differences in their orientation in space. Coordination complexes with two different ligands in the cis and trans positions from a ligand of interest form isomers. For example, the octahedral [Co(NH3)4Cl2]+ ion has two isomers (Figure 1) In the cis...
14.9K
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

1.9K
When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
1.9K
IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations01:08

IR Spectrum Peak Splitting: Symmetric vs Asymmetric Vibrations

2.3K
Identical bonds within a polyatomic group can stretch symmetrically (in-phase) or asymmetrically (out-of-phase). Similar to hydrogen bonding, these vibrations also influence the shape of the IR peak. Generally, asymmetric stretching frequencies are higher than symmetric stretching frequencies. For example, primary amines exhibit two distinct IR peaks between 3300–3500 cm−1 corresponding to the symmetric and asymmetric N-H stretching, while secondary amines exhibit a single...
2.3K
Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

455
Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear....
455
E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry02:43

E2 Reaction: Stereochemistry and Regiochemistry

15.0K
Elimination reactions of alkyl halides can yield one or more alkenes depending on the specific regiochemical and stereochemical considerations. While the regiochemistry of the reaction governs the location of the double bond in the product, the stereochemical requirements often influence the geometry.
When a substrate with two different β hydrogens undergoes an E2 elimination, the presence of a strong base can yield two regioisomeric alkenes. The more-substituted alkene is the major...
15.0K

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Mapping Cortical Dynamics Using Simultaneous MEG/EEG and Anatomically-constrained Minimum-norm Estimates: an Auditory Attention Example
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Accurate stereo matching by two-step energy minimization.

Mikhail G Mozerov, Joost van de Weijer

    IEEE Transactions on Image Processing : a Publication of the IEEE Signal Processing Society
    |January 27, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    This study combines cost-filtering and energy-minimization for stereo matching. The novel two-step approach improves accuracy, particularly in occluded areas, achieving state-of-the-art results.

    Area of Science:

    • Computer Vision
    • Artificial Intelligence
    • Image Processing

    Background:

    • Stereo matching is crucial for 3D reconstruction.
    • Energy-minimization methods excel globally but fail in occlusions.
    • Cost-filtering methods perform better in occluded regions.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To integrate cost-filtering and energy-minimization for enhanced stereo matching.
    • To improve overall stereo matching accuracy, especially in challenging occluded areas.

    Main Methods:

    • Proposed a two-step energy-minimization algorithm for stereo matching.
    • Utilized two Markov Random Field (MRF) models: fully connected and locally connected.
    • Solved the fully connected MRF model and used its marginal function as unary potential for the locally connected model.

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    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated that cost-filtering can solve global optimization with fully connected models.
    • The proposed two-step method achieved state-of-the-art performance on Middlebury stereo datasets.
    • Successfully combined the strengths of both cost-filtering and energy-minimization techniques.

    Conclusions:

    • The novel two-step energy-minimization approach effectively addresses limitations of existing stereo matching methods.
    • This integration leads to superior stereo matching accuracy and robustness, particularly in occluded regions.
    • The method sets a new benchmark for stereo matching performance.