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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG) and Cystography are specialized radiographic procedures used to examine the structure and function of the bladder and urethra.Voiding Cystourethrography (VCUG)A Voiding Cystourethrogram (VCUG) is a diagnostic imaging procedure that assesses the anatomy and function of the lower urinary tract. It focuses on the bladder, bladder neck, and urethra, helping detect abnormalities such as vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)—the backward or reverse flow of urine into the...
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Tomography refers to imaging by sections. Computed tomography (CT) is a non-invasive imaging technique that uses computers to analyze several cross-sectional X-rays to reveal minute details about structures in the body.
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Imaging Studies II: Ultrasonography01:24

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IntroductionUltrasonography, or renal ultrasound, is a noninvasive medical imaging technique that uses high-frequency sound waves to visualize the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and surrounding tissues.Indications for Urinary System UltrasonographyUrinary system ultrasonography is indicated in various clinical scenarios, such as:Kidney Stones (Urolithiasis): To detect and monitor the size and presence of kidney or urinary tract stones.Hydronephrosis: To assess the dilation of the renal pelvis and...
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging Assessment of Carcinogen-induced Murine Bladder Tumors
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Incidental computed tomographic bladder wall abnormalities: harbinger or herring?

Timothy K Byler1, Jay E Reeder1, Imad Nsouli1

  • 1Department of Urology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, NY.

Urology
|January 28, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Incidental radiographic bladder wall abnormalities, even without hematuria, led to urothelial carcinoma diagnoses in over 15% of patients. Routine cystoscopy is recommended for these findings to detect potentially serious bladder conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Radiographic bladder wall abnormalities are often incidentally found.
  • The clinical significance of these incidental findings without other urologic indications is not well-established.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the diagnostic yield of cystoscopy for incidental radiographic bladder wall abnormalities.
  • To determine the malignancy rate in patients with these findings in the absence of other urologic indications.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective review of screening cystoscopies over 4 years.
  • Identification of patients with radiographic bladder wall abnormalities (thickening or mass) and no other urologic indications.
  • Recording of cystoscopy outcomes, including biopsy results and malignant diagnoses.

Main Results:

  • 34 patients (2%) underwent cystoscopy for incidental bladder wall abnormalities.
  • Malignancy was diagnosed in 32.4% of patients with diffuse thickening (2 high-grade carcinoma) and 23.5% with bladder mass (1 high-grade, 3 low-grade).
  • Focal thickening was consistently negative for malignancy.

Conclusions:

  • Incidental radiographic bladder wall abnormalities can lead to the diagnosis of urothelial carcinoma, including high-grade tumors.
  • Routine cystoscopy is warranted for radiographic bladder wall abnormalities, even without hematuria, to ensure timely diagnosis and treatment.