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Determination of the Excitation and Coupling Rates Between Light Emitters and Surface Plasmon Polaritons

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Published on: July 21, 2018

Optical antenna enhanced spontaneous emission.

Michael S Eggleston¹, Kevin Messer¹, Liming Zhang²

¹Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences Department, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720; and.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

|January 28, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

External optical antennas significantly enhance spontaneous emission rates in nanorods. This research demonstrates a 115x speedup, overcoming limitations of stimulated emission for improved light-matter interactions.

Keywords:

metal optics nanophotonics plasmonics ultrafast devices

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Area of Science:

Optics and Photonics
Quantum Optics
Nanotechnology

Background:

Atoms and molecules are inefficient antennas for their own emission wavelengths.
External optical antennas can enhance spontaneous emission rates, potentially surpassing stimulated emission.
Understanding light-matter interactions at the nanoscale is crucial for advanced optical technologies.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the enhancement of spontaneous emission using external optical antennas.
To quantify the spontaneous emission rate speedup in InGaAsP nanorods.
To explore the relationship between antenna gap spacing and emission enhancement.

Main Methods:

Experimental setup utilizing InGaAsP nanorods emitting at ~200 THz.
Measurement of spontaneous emission intensity and rate enhancement with varying antenna gap spacing (d).
Comparison of experimental results with classical antenna theory predictions.

Main Results:

Observed a 35x enhancement in spontaneous emission intensity and a ~115x speedup in emission rate at d = 40 nm.
Classical antenna theory predicts a ~2,500x speedup at d ~ 10 nm, proportional to 1/d(2).
Antenna efficiency decreases below 50% for d < 10 nm due to optical spreading resistance and the anomalous skin effect.

Conclusions:

External optical antennas can dramatically accelerate spontaneous emission in nanostructures.
Classical antenna theory provides a framework for understanding this enhancement, though limitations exist at nanoscale gaps.
Plasmonic effects are minimal at 200 THz, with antenna resonance frequency showing only a slight shift.