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Related Concept Videos

Infection01:20

Infection

14.8K
When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...
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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment01:25

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
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Standard Precaution01:26

Standard Precaution

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Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...
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Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets01:17

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

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Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
Contact precautions are the measures taken to prevent the transmission of infectious agents, especially epidemiologically important microorganisms such as MRSA or influenza, primarily transmitted through direct or indirect contact with an...
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Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence01:28

Infectious Diseases and Their Occurrence

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Infectious diseases appear in populations through various transmission patterns, influenced by pathogen characteristics, population immunity, environmental conditions, and social behavior. Understanding these patterns is essential for effective public health surveillance and intervention. These categories—sporadic, outbreak, epidemic, pandemic, and endemic—help frame the nature and scope of disease events.Sporadic diseases occur irregularly and infrequently, without a predictable...
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

Screening Foodstuffs for Class 1 Integrons and Gene Cassettes
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Published on: June 19, 2015

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Entry screening for infectious diseases in humans.

Linda A Selvey, Catarina Antão, Robert Hall

    Emerging Infectious Diseases
    |January 28, 2015
    PubMed
    Summary

    Border screening during pandemics like SARS and influenza is resource-intensive and ineffective. Enhanced traveler communication and community-based disease control offer a more effective strategy for international public health.

    Area of Science:

    • Public Health
    • Epidemiology
    • International Health Policy

    Background:

    • The 2003 SARS and 2009 influenza pandemics prompted widespread implementation of border control measures.
    • These measures, including screening, quarantine, and isolation, were resource-intensive for nations worldwide.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the effectiveness and resource implications of border screening during past pandemics.
    • To propose an improved decision-making framework for future pandemic border control strategies.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of border screening experiences during the SARS and influenza pandemics.
    • Analysis of modeling and observational study findings on border screening efficacy.
    • Discussion of resource allocation and opportunity costs associated with border measures.

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    Main Results:

    • Border screening was found to be largely ineffective in detecting infected individuals.
    • Border control measures incurred significant financial costs and diverted essential public health personnel.

    Conclusions:

    • Rethinking border screening strategies is crucial for future pandemic preparedness.
    • Outbreak-associated traveler communications at borders, coupled with clinician communication and community-level controls, represent a more effective international disease control approach.