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    Reducing reporting delays for infectious diseases can improve outbreak control. Current delays are adequate for hepatitis A and B, but shorter delays are needed for measles, mumps, shigellosis, and pertussis control.

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    Area of Science:

    • Epidemiology
    • Public Health
    • Infectious Disease Modeling

    Background:

    • Effective outbreak control relies on timely reporting of infectious diseases.
    • The precise impact of reporting delays on disease transmission and control strategies remains quantitatively unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To develop and apply a quantitative model assessing the impact of reporting delays on infectious disease control.
    • To determine optimal reporting delay reductions for specific infectious diseases.

    Main Methods:

    • Developed a mathematical model to assess reporting timeliness.
    • Utilized reporting speed data for six infectious diseases from the Dutch notification system.
    • Calculated the proportion of infections occurring before index case reporting.

    Main Results:

    • Current reporting delays are sufficient for controlling hepatitis A and B.
    • Reducing delays by a few days is beneficial for measles and mumps control.
    • Reductions of at least 10 days for shigellosis and 5 weeks for pertussis are necessary for substantial control improvement.

    Conclusions:

    • The developed model provides quantitative insights into necessary reporting delay reductions for effective outbreak control.
    • Specific disease control strategies require tailored adjustments in reporting timeliness.
    • Timely reporting is a critical factor in public health interventions for infectious disease prevention.