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Metatranscriptomics reveals overall active bacterial composition in caries lesions.

Aurea Simón-Soro1, Miriam Guillen-Navarro1, Alex Mira2

  • 1FISABIO Foundation, Center for Advanced Research in Public Health, Valencia, Spain.

Journal of Oral Microbiology
|January 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

This study identified active bacteria in tooth decay using RNA sequencing, revealing a complex, polymicrobial origin. Streptococcus mutans is a minor player, challenging its role as the primary cause of dental caries.

Keywords:
16S rRNAStreptococcus mutanscaries etiologypolymicrobial diseasepyrosequencingtissue-dependent hypothesis

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Oral Health
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Identifying microbial causes of dental caries is crucial.
  • Culturing methods miss many bacteria; DNA methods detect inactive microbes.
  • RNA-based methods offer a clearer view of active oral microbiota.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify metabolically active bacteria in caries lesions using RNA.
  • To determine the bacterial composition at different disease stages.
  • To list potential etiological agents of tooth decay.

Main Methods:

  • Collected enamel (n=15) and dentin (n=12) caries samples.
  • Extracted RNA, constructed cDNA, and amplified 16S rRNA gene.
  • Pyrosequenced PCR products to determine active bacterial composition.

Main Results:

  • Obtained ~4,900 sequences per sample, revealing complex active microbiota (70-400 species/sample).
  • Bacterial composition varied individually and between lesion types (enamel vs. dentin).
  • Lactobacilli were in dentin lesions; Streptococci dominated enamel (40%) but Streptococcus mutans was a minor component (0.02-0.73%).

Conclusions:

  • Dental caries etiology is tissue-dependent and polymicrobial.
  • Streptococcus mutans is a minority, questioning its primary etiological role.
  • Further research is needed to confirm the cariogenicity of identified bacteria.