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Protocol for Assessing the Relative Effects of Environment and Genetics on Antler and Body Growth for a Long-lived Cervid
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Vegetation changes associated with a population irruption by Roosevelt elk.

Heath D Starns1, Floyd W Weckerly1, Mark A Ricca2

  • 1Department of Biology, Texas State University San Marcos, Texas, 78666.

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|January 29, 2015
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Summary

Large elk populations can impact meadow plant biomass, showing declines and reduced spatial variation in forage. This suggests plant communities may shift to become more resistant to grazing pressure.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Population Dynamics
  • Plant Community Ecology

Background:

  • Large herbivore-plant interactions are crucial for understanding population dynamics.
  • Roosevelt elk (Cervus elaphus roosevelti) populations and their forage availability were studied in northwestern California.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if plant communities exhibit tolerant or resistant responses to irruptive elk population growth.
  • To assess temporal and spatial patterns in meadow plant biomass over 23 years.

Main Methods:

  • Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) derived from Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper imagery was used to measure plant biomass.
  • Elk population growth patterns and corresponding NDVI data were analyzed for three distinct meadow complexes.

Main Results:

  • One elk population exhibited a four-stage irruptive growth pattern, while two others did not.
  • The meadow complex with the irruptive elk population showed a decline in forage biomass and reduced spatial NDVI variation during peak biomass.
  • No such patterns were observed in meadow complexes with non-irruptive elk populations.

Conclusions:

  • Irruptive elk populations may lead to changes in plant community composition.
  • Meadow complexes utilized by irruptive elk populations may favor grazing-resistant plant species.