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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

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Negative emotion or problem content? Testing explanations of the peanuts effect.

Shuji Suzuki1

  • 11 Hokkai-Gakuen University.

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|January 29, 2015
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Summary

Participants preferred riskier, larger payouts when probabilities favored them, especially with decreasing amounts. Response mode influenced risk preference, suggesting negative emotion plays a role in decision-making.

Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Economics
  • Decision Science
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding risk preference is crucial in behavioral economics and decision science.
  • Previous research suggests emotional states can influence financial decision-making.
  • The impact of different response modes on risk-taking behavior requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine how participants choose between gambles with varying risk and payout levels.
  • To investigate the influence of three response modes (choice, rejection, exchange) on risk preference.
  • To test the hypothesis that negative emotion underlies the preference for risky options.

Main Methods:

  • 342 participants evaluated gambles with different payout amounts and probabilities.

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  • Decisions were recorded across choice, rejection, and exchange response modes.
  • Statistical analysis was used to compare preferences across conditions.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants showed increased preference for the riskier, larger-payout gamble when the probability ratio was large and payout amounts decreased.
    • Preference for the riskier option was weaker in the rejection mode compared to the choice mode.
    • No significant difference in preference was observed between the exchange and choice modes.

    Conclusions:

    • Risk preference is sensitive to payout magnitude, probability ratios, and response modes.
    • The findings support the hypothesis that negative emotions influence the selection of risky choices.
    • Decision-making under risk is modulated by both cognitive factors and emotional responses.