Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy01:25

Endoscopic Procedures II: Colonoscopy

1.2K
The colon, or large intestine, is the final segment of the digestive system. Its primary functions include absorbing water and vitamins produced by gut bacteria and transforming waste from liquid to solid to form stool. In adults, the large intestine is approximately 5 feet long and consists of four main sections:
1.2K
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

1.0K
Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due...
1.0K
Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy01:26

Endoscopic Procedures IV: Sigmoidoscopy and Laproscopy

1.1K
Sigmoidoscopy and laparoscopy are distinct medical procedures that enable physicians to internally inspect different parts of the GI tract. Although they serve different purposes, each is essential for diagnosing and, in some cases, treating various medical conditions.
Sigmoidoscopy
Sigmoidoscopy is a diagnostic procedure that uses a flexible sigmoidoscope equipped with a light source and camera to examine the rectum and sigmoid colon. The procedure involves inserting the tube through the anus...
1.1K
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

2.3K
Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
2.3K
Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy01:26

Imaging Studies III: Gastrointestinal Motility Studies and Virtual Colonoscopy

636
This lesson explores three gastrointestinal imaging techniques: radionuclide testing, colonic transit studies, and virtual colonoscopy.
Radionuclide Testing
Radionuclide testing is a sophisticated medical technique for assessing gastrointestinal motility. It focuses on gastric emptying and colonic transit time. Radioactive markers track the movement of food through the digestive system, providing insights into gastrointestinal disorders.
In gastric emptying studies, a meal's liquid and...
636
Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs01:20

Bioequivalence Experimental Study Designs: Completely Randomized and Randomized Block Designs

396
Bioequivalence experimental study designs are crucial methodologies used in evaluating and comparing the bioavailability of different drug products. These designs are categorized into various types: completely randomized, randomized block, repeated measures, cross and carry-over, and Latin square designs.Completely randomized designs involve randomly allocating treatments to all subjects participating in the experiment. This allocation is achieved by assigning unique random numbers to subjects...
396

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Virtual Bioequivalence Assessment of Long-Acting Injectable Suspensions Using PBPK Modeling: Part 2. Type I Error and Safe Space Analyses.

The AAPS journal·2026
Same author

Virtual Bioequivalence Assessment of Long-acting Injectable Suspensions Using PBPK Modeling: Part 1. Impact of particle Size on Formulation Variability.

The AAPS journal·2026
Same author

Mechanism-Based Predictions of Local Tissue and Systemic Exposure for Drug Products Delivered Through the Female Reproductive Tract.

Journal of clinical pharmacology·2026
Same author

National Trends in Early-Onset Colorectal Cancer: Incidence and Challenges in the Republic of Ireland.

JCO global oncology·2026
Same author

A Proposal for Alternative FDA Bioequivalence Criteria for Narrow Therapeutic Index Drug Products to Support Future Harmonization.

Pharmaceutical research·2025
Same author

From obesity to oncology; bariatric surgery and the impact on breast cancer- what is the link? - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

European journal of surgical oncology : the journal of the European Society of Surgical Oncology and the British Association of Surgical Oncology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 18, 2026

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

9.4K

A randomized controlled trial comparing continuous and as-required nitrous oxide use during screening colonoscopy.

Alex J Ball1, Said Din, Mark Donnelly

  • 1aDepartment of Gastroenterology, Northern General Hospital bSouth Yorkshire and Bassetlaw Bowel Cancer Screening Centre, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals cDepartment of Oncology, University of Sheffield, Medical School, Sheffield, UK.

European Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology
|January 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Continuous or as-needed Entonox (nitrous oxide and oxygen) provided similar pain relief during colonoscopy. However, continuous Entonox use led to more lightheadedness in patients undergoing the procedure.

More Related Videos

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
05:46

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

5.9K
Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

11.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 18, 2026

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy
06:28

E-Patient Counseling Trial E-PACO: Computer Based Education versus Nurse Counseling for Patients to Prepare for Colonoscopy

Published on: August 1, 2019

9.4K
A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects
05:46

A Novel Inhalation Mask System to Deliver High Concentrations of Nitric Oxide Gas in Spontaneously Breathing Subjects

Published on: May 4, 2021

5.9K
Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers
14:52

Recording Brain Electromagnetic Activity During the Administration of the Gaseous Anesthetic Agents Xenon and Nitrous Oxide in Healthy Volunteers

Published on: January 13, 2018

11.6K

Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Pain Management
  • Anesthesiology

Background:

  • Entonox, a 50:50 mixture of nitrous oxide and oxygen, is used for pain management during colonoscopy.
  • The optimal administration method for Entonox remains undetermined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the efficacy and safety of continuous versus as-required Entonox administration for pain relief during screening colonoscopy.

Main Methods:

  • Patients undergoing screening colonoscopy were randomized to receive either continuous or as-required Entonox.
  • Pain was assessed using a numerical rating scale at discharge and during the procedure.
  • Secondary outcomes included side effects and need for rescue medication.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in overall pain scores at discharge between continuous and as-required Entonox groups (mean 2.4 vs. 3.2, P=0.08).
  • Pain experienced during colonoscopy also showed no significant differences between the groups.
  • Continuous Entonox use was associated with a higher incidence of lightheadedness (48% vs. 21%, P=0.009).
  • Higher anxiety levels correlated with increased overall pain scores.

Conclusions:

  • Continuous and as-required Entonox administration yield similar patient comfort during screening colonoscopy.
  • Continuous Entonox use increases the risk of experiencing lightheadedness.