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Related Concept Videos

Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

103
Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to...
103
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

174
Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
174
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

212
Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
212
Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions01:24

Drug Accumulation During Multiple Dosing: Intermittent IV Infusions

398
Intermittent intravenous (IV) infusion is a method of drug administration where medications are delivered over short infusion periods followed by intervals of no drug delivery. This approach helps to prevent sustained high drug concentrations in the bloodstream, reducing the risk of adverse effects associated with prolonged exposure. Unlike continuous infusion, steady-state concentrations may not be achieved during a single dosing cycle but can be reached through repeated...
398
Physical Properties of Amines01:26

Physical Properties of Amines

4.6K
Amines with low molecular weight are usually gaseous at room temperature, while those with high molecular weight are liquid or solids in nature. Usually, low molecular weight amines have a rotten fish-like smell. Diamines typically have a pungent smell. For instance, cadaverine and putrescine, depicted in Figure 1, are two molecules responsible for decaying tissue.
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Drug Toxicity: Overview01:00

Drug Toxicity: Overview

259
Drug toxicity quantifies the harm a compound causes to an organism, varying by dose and potentially impacting whole systems or specific organs like the liver. Toxic reactions may arise from venomous insect or spider bites, with effects ranging from mild symptoms to severe outcomes such as brain damage or death. Common forms of acute poisoning include ethanol intoxication and overdose of pain or fever medications, with substances like GHB and heroin being particularly lethal at doses close to...
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Related Experiment Video

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Passive Administration of Monoclonal Antibodies Against H. capsulatum and Others Fungal Pathogens
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Hematological toxicities associated with amphotericin B formulations.

Diego R Falci1,2, Franciane B da Rosa2, Alessandro C Pasqualotto2,3

  • 1a Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição , Porto Alegre , Brazil.

Leukemia & Lymphoma
|January 29, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Amphotericin B formulations can cause significant hematological toxicity, including anemia and leukopenia. Risk factors include HIV infection, hematological cancer, and myelotoxic drugs, necessitating close patient monitoring.

Keywords:
Amphotericin Badverse eventsanemialeukopeniathrombocytopenia

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Hematology
  • Clinical Pharmacology

Background:

  • Amphotericin B is a critical antifungal agent but is known for significant hematological toxicity.
  • The specific incidence and predictors of this toxicity across different amphotericin B formulations remain poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the incidence and identify predictors of hematological toxicity in patients receiving amphotericin B deoxycholate (d-AmB), liposomal amphotericin B (L-AmB), and amphotericin B lipid complex (ABLC).

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study involving 497 patients treated with various amphotericin B formulations.
  • Analysis of severe anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia incidence and associated risk factors.

Main Results:

  • Severe anemia was linked to HIV infection (OR 1.79). L-AmB showed a trend towards reduced severe anemia risk (OR 0.61).
  • Severe leukopenia was associated with ABLC use (OR 2.58) and hematological cancer (OR 4.61).
  • Hematological cancer independently predicted severe thrombocytopenia (OR 5.00).

Conclusions:

  • Amphotericin B treatment is associated with significant hematological toxicity.
  • Pre-existing hematological conditions and concurrent use of myelotoxic drugs increase toxicity risk.
  • Vigilant monitoring is crucial for patients receiving amphotericin B formulations.