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A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
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An ischemic stroke occurs when a cerebral blood vessel becomes obstructed, most often by a thrombus or embolus, interrupting the delivery of oxygen and glucose to brain tissue. Because neurons rely on continuous aerobic metabolism, energy failure begins within minutes of reduced perfusion. The region receiving the least blood flow becomes the infarct core, an area of irreversible cellular death. Surrounding this core lies the penumbra, a zone of hypoperfused but still viable tissue that is...
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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Impairing Effect of Emotion on Cognition
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Do brain lesions in stroke affect basic emotions and attachment?

Marina Farinelli1, Jaak Panksepp, Laura Gestieri

  • 1a Clinical Psychology Service, "Villa Bellombra" Rehabilitation Hospital , Bologna , Italy.

Journal of Clinical and Experimental Neuropsychology
|January 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Stroke patients exhibit altered basic emotions and attachment styles, with brain lesion location influencing these changes. These findings suggest brain lesions may strengthen the connection between emotions and attachment.

Keywords:
AttachmentBasic emotionsBrain lesionsStroke

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Clinical Neurology

Background:

  • Basic emotions and attachment are crucial for human well-being.
  • Stroke can impact emotional processing and interpersonal relationships.
  • Understanding these effects is vital for patient recovery and care.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate basic emotions and attachment styles in stroke patients.
  • To determine the influence of lesion location on these emotional and attachment alterations.
  • To explore the relationship between basic emotions and attachment in stroke survivors.

Main Methods:

  • A sample of 86 stroke patients and 115 orthopedic patients (control group) were assessed.
  • The Affective Neuroscience Personality Scale (ANPS) was used to measure basic emotions.
  • The Attachment Style Questionnaire (ASQ) was employed to assess attachment styles.

Main Results:

  • Stroke patients showed significant differences in SEEKING, SADNESS, and ANGER (ANPS) and Relationship as Secondary Attachment (ASQ) compared to controls.
  • Lesion location influenced emotional and attachment alterations, with specific patterns observed for anterior, medial, left, right, posterior, and subcortical lesions.
  • The correlation between ANPS and ASQ subscales was stronger in stroke patients, indicating an enhanced interrelation.

Conclusions:

  • Brain lesions in stroke patients significantly alter basic emotions and attachment styles.
  • The location of the brain lesion plays a key role in modulating these changes.
  • Stroke may enhance the interplay between basic emotions and attachment, impacting psychological recovery.