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Related Concept Videos

Liver Regeneration01:24

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The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
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Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to...
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Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
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Updated: Apr 18, 2026

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Spontaneous ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma.

Hiroshi Yoshida1, Yasuhiro Mamada2, Nobuhiko Taniai2

  • 1Department of Surgery, Nippon Medical School Tama Nagayama Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.

Hepatology Research : the Official Journal of the Japan Society of Hepatology
|January 30, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a life-threatening condition. Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) followed by surgery offers an effective two-step treatment strategy for managing ruptured HCC and improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
hepatectomyhepatocellular carcinomarupture

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatobiliary Surgery
  • Interventional Radiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) incidence is increasing globally.
  • Spontaneous rupture of HCC with intraperitoneal hemorrhage presents a critical, life-threatening emergency.
  • Acute abdominal pain is the most common symptom, often associated with larger tumors protruding beyond the liver margin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the management strategies for ruptured hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • To emphasize the critical need for a two-step therapeutic approach in managing ruptured HCC.
  • To highlight the efficacy of transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) followed by elective hepatectomy.

Main Methods:

  • Acute phase management prioritizes hemostasis, with Transcatheter Arterial Embolization (TAE) as a primary intervention.
  • TAE demonstrates a hemostatic success rate ranging from 53% to 100%.
  • Selected patients may undergo a one-stage surgical operation, while conservative treatment is reserved for moribund patients.

Main Results:

  • Ruptured HCC patients, especially those with advanced disease and poor liver function, face high mortality rates.
  • Liver failure complicates the acute phase in 12-42% of patients.
  • Tumor treatment, including transarterial chemoembolization or hepatic resection, is considered in the stable phase post-hemorrhage control.

Conclusions:

  • A two-step approach is crucial for managing the dual challenges of acute hemorrhage and cancer in ruptured HCC.
  • Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) followed by elective hepatectomy is an effective strategy for selected patients.
  • This combined approach addresses immediate life threats and facilitates definitive tumor treatment.