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Does serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D decrease during acute-phase response? A systematic review.

Mariana Costa Silva¹, Tania Weber Furlanetto²

¹Postgraduation Program in Medicine: Medical Sciences, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.

Nutrition Research (New York, N.Y.)

|January 30, 2015

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Low vitamin D (25-hydroxyvitamin D) levels often decrease during acute inflammation. This systematic review suggests vitamin D levels measured during inflammation should be interpreted cautiously, as the cause or consequence remains unclear.

Area of Science:

Biochemistry
Immunology
Nutritional Science

Background:

Low 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) levels are linked to inflammatory diseases.
The relationship between vitamin D and inflammation may involve reverse causality.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review longitudinal human studies on serum 25(OH)D during acute inflammatory responses.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search of Ovid MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library (inception to Jan 2014).
Keywords: vitamin D, acute-phase reactants.
Inclusion criteria applied to 40 full-text articles, with 8 studies meeting final criteria.

Main Results:

Six studies showed a decrease in 25(OH)D after an inflammatory insult, often abrupt if measured early.

Keywords:

25-Hydroxyvitamin D Acute-phase reactants Inflammation Vitamin D

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Two studies found no change in 25(OH)D, but measured levels days after symptom onset.

One study attributed 25(OH)D decrease to hemodilution, not inflammation.

Conclusions:

Serum 25(OH)D levels decrease during acute inflammatory responses.
The clinical significance of these changes is currently unknown.
Further research is needed to determine if low vitamin D causes or results from inflammation.